Compensatory recruitment of neural resources in chronic alcoholism.
Compensatory recruitment of neural resources in chronic alcoholism.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00022-7
复制
发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sullivan, Edith V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chanraud, Sandra;Sullivan, Edith V
功能恢复需要持续清醒，但实现恢复的神经机制现在才刚刚出现。关于有希望的机制的理论涉及神经适应的概念，其中过量饮酒会导致大脑结构和功能的不良变化，这些变化随后可以通过清醒来逆转。随着神经影像学研究的结果，关于慢性酒精中毒功能适应的观点得到了扩展。在这里，我们首先根据基于衰老相关认知功能不断增长的文献的新兴理论来描述和定义神经适应的概念。然后我们描述适用于慢性酗酒的发现以及可能影响补偿的因素，例如功能性大脑储备和大脑结构的完整性。最后，我们根据可能构成神经补偿机制的生理机制来回顾大脑可塑性。在可能的情况下，我们提供操作标准来定义功能和神经补偿。
Functional recovery occurs with sustained sobriety, but the neural mechanisms enabling recovery are only now emerging. Theories about promising mechanisms involve concepts of neuroadaptation, where excessive alcohol consumption results in untoward structural and functional brain changes which are subsequently candidates for reversal with sobriety. Views on functional adaptation in chronic alcoholism have expanded with results from neuroimaging studies. Here, we first describe and define the concept of neuroadaptation according to emerging theories based on the growing literature in aging-related cognitive functioning. Then we describe findings as they apply to chronic alcoholism and factors that could influence compensation, such as functional brain reserve and the integrity of brain structure. Finally, we review brain plasticity based on physiologic mechanisms that could underlie mechanisms of neural compensation. Where possible, we provide operational criteria to define functional and neural compensation.