Crustacean conundrums: a review of opsin diversity and evolution
Crustacean conundrums: a review of opsin diversity and evolution
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2021.0289
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发表时间：
2022-09
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sitara Palecanda;Tom W Iwanicki;Mireille Steck;M. Porter
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文献类型：
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作者：
Sitara Palecanda;Tom W Iwanicki;Mireille Steck;M. Porter
与研究得更充分的脊椎动物和昆虫相比，甲壳类动物的视觉知识还很缺乏。虽然甲壳类动物的视觉系统通常是保守的形态，分子成分（即视蛋白）仍然研究不足。本文综述了甲壳类动物视蛋白多样性的特征，为视觉系统进化提供了一个综合视角。利用95个物种的公开数据，我们确定了视蛋白序列，并将它们按进化枝分类。我们的分析产生了485个假定的视觉视蛋白和141个非视觉视蛋白。视蛋白分为6个分支：长波敏感（LWS）、中波敏感（MWS）1和2、短波或紫外敏感（SWS/UVS）和介形目视蛋白分支，其中LWS和MWS视蛋白拷贝数较多。SWS/UVS视蛋白在大多数物种中相对保守。甲壳类Ceatrocarida，Remipedia和Hexanauplia表现出减少的视觉视蛋白多样性相比，其他的软甲十足类具有最高的视蛋白多样性。非视觉视蛋白被确定从所有调查类，除了鲸类。此外，还发现了一个新的非视觉甲壳动物特异性R型视蛋白（Rc）分支。本文旨在为甲壳动物视觉的未来研究提供一个框架，强调需要在光谱表征和分子分析方面开展更多的工作。这篇文章是主题问题的一部分“理解色觉：分子，生理，神经元和行为研究节肢动物”。
Knowledge of crustacean vision is lacking compared to the more well-studied vertebrates and insects. While crustacean visual systems are typically conserved morphologically, the molecular components (i.e. opsins) remain understudied. This review aims to characterize opsin diversity across crustacean lineages for an integrated view of visual system evolution. Using publicly available data from 95 species, we identified opsin sequences and classified them by clade. Our analysis produced 485 putative visual opsins and 141 non-visual opsins. The visual opsins were separated into six clades: long wavelength sensitive (LWS), middle wavelength sensitive (MWS) 1 and 2, short wavelength or ultraviolet sensitive (SWS/UVS) and a clade of thecostracan opsins, with multiple LWS and MWS opsin copies observed. The SWS/UVS opsins were relatively conserved in most species. The crustacean classes Cephalocarida, Remipedia and Hexanauplia exhibited reduced visual opsin diversity compared to others, with the malacostracan decapods having the highest opsin diversity. Non-visual opsins were identified from all investigated classes except Cephalocarida. Additionally, a novel clade of non-visual crustacean-specific, R-type opsins (Rc) was discovered. This review aims to provide a framework for future research on crustacean vision, with an emphasis on the need for more work in spectral characterization and molecular analysis. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding colour vision: molecular, physiological, neuronal and behavioural studies in arthropods’.