Surprisingly diverged populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in natural environments remote from human activity
Surprisingly diverged populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in natural environments remote from human activity
复制标题
远离人类活动的自然环境中酿酒酵母种群的惊人分化
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05732.x
复制
发表时间：
2012-11-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Bai, Feng-Yan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, Qi-Ming;Liu, Wan-Qiu;Bai, Feng-Yan
芽殖酵母，酿酒酵母，是遗传学，基因组学和分子生物学的领先系统，并正在成为阐明生态和进化原理的有力工具。然而，人们对该物种的生态学和种群结构知之甚少。在这里，我们提出了一个现场调查，这种酵母菌在一个前所未有的规模，并进行了群体遗传学分析，中国野生菌株具有不同的生态和地理起源。我们还包括了一组世界范围内的分离株，代表了S的最大遗传变异。到目前为止的记录。我们清楚地表明，S。酿酒酵母是自然界中普遍存在的物种，存在于人类相关环境以及远离人类活动的栖息地的高度多样化的底物中。中国分离株S.酿酒酵母表现出强大的群体结构，几乎是来自世界其他地区的分离物的组合遗传变异的两倍。我们确定了8个新的不同的野生谱系（CHN I-VIII）从一组99个特征的中国分离株。来自原始森林的分离株出现在古老的和显著分化的基底谱系中，而来自人类相关环境的分离株通常聚集在分化程度较低的家庭或镶嵌群中。原始森林的基底谱系通常是近交的，表现出谱系特异性核型，并且部分生殖隔离。我们的研究结果表明，大大分歧的野生S。酿酒酵母独立于驯化的分离物存在，并且先于驯化的分离物存在。我们发现，中国蕴藏着一个自然的遗传变异库的S。酿酒酵母，并可能给出了一个物种的起源指示。
The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a leading system in genetics, genomics and molecular biology and is becoming a powerful tool to illuminate ecological and evolutionary principles. However, little is known of the ecology and population structure of this species in nature. Here, we present a field survey of this yeast at an unprecedented scale and have performed population genetics analysis of Chinese wild isolates with different ecological and geographical origins. We also included a set of worldwide isolates that represent the maximum genetic variation of S. cerevisiae documented so far. We clearly show that S. cerevisiae is a ubiquitous species in nature, occurring in highly diversified substrates from human‐associated environments as well as habitats remote from human activity. Chinese isolates of S. cerevisiae exhibited strong population structure with nearly double the combined genetic variation of isolates from the rest of the world. We identified eight new distinct wild lineages (CHN I–VIII) from a set of 99 characterized Chinese isolates. Isolates from primeval forests occur in ancient and significantly diverged basal lineages, while those from human‐associated environments generally cluster in less differentiated domestic or mosaic groups. Basal lineages from primeval forests are usually inbred, exhibit lineage‐specific karyotypes and are partially reproductively isolated. Our results suggest that greatly diverged populations of wild S. cerevisiae exist independently of and predate domesticated isolates. We find that China harbours a reservoir of natural genetic variation of S. cerevisiae and perhaps gives an indication of the origin of the species.