The response of common minnows, Phoxinus phoxinus, to visual cues under flowing and static water conditions
The response of common minnows, Phoxinus phoxinus, to visual cues under flowing and static water conditions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.07.004
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发表时间：
2021-08-13
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Kemp, Paul S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miles, James;Vowles, Andrew S.;Kemp, Paul S.
虽然固定的视觉线索为静水中的导航提供了可靠的参考点，但仍不清楚鱼类是否从流动的水中受益。此外，来自固定来源的视觉反馈的益处对于可以从其他人获得额外信息的组成员来说可能较少。使用一个开放的渠道水槽，本研究调查了如何响应鱼静止的视觉刺激的影响下，两种治疗：垂直的黑色和白色条纹放置在（1）两侧墙壁的通道或（2）一个侧壁相比，两个墙壁都是均匀的白色的控制。在流动和静止的水中，以及个人和五人一组之间的反应进行了比较。鱼表现出积极的联系的视觉线索，旅行更慢，花更多的时间接近条纹墙。鱼类在流动条件下更倾向于边缘，可能是利用壁边界处的较低速度来减少能量消耗。当只有一面墙呈现视觉线索时，个体鱼在流动的水中花费更多的时间与之相关，这表明在lotic条件下有一些精力充沛的好处。这可能是由于保持相对于参考点的站或控制位置的更大能力和/或使用视觉刺激作为可以提供减阻避难所的物理结构的代理指示器。一个较小的协会与条纹壁在静水中表明，视觉线索提供其他非流体动力学的好处，如物理避难所从捕食者或机会的隐秘。相反，浅滩与条纹墙的关联较少，可能反映出对同种生物提供的信息的依赖性更大，或者与群体的一部分相关的安全性增加。这项研究表明，固定的视觉线索可能会提供几个不同的流量和组成员的好处。(c)2021由Elsevier Ltd代表动物行为研究协会出版。
While fixed visual cues provide reliable reference points for navigation in static water, it remains unclear whether fish energetically benefit from their presence in flowing water. Furthermore, benefits of visual feedback from fixed sources may be less for group members that can gain additional information from others. Using an open-channel flume, this study investigated how the response of fish to stationary visual stimuli is influenced by flow and group membership under two treatments: vertical black and white stripes placed on (1) both side walls of the channel or (2) one side wall only compared to a control where both walls were uniform white. The responses were compared in flowing and static water, and between individuals and groups of five. Fish exhibited a positive affiliation for the visual cues, travelling more slowly and spending more time closer to the striped walls. Fish were more edge oriented under flowing conditions, presumably utilizing the lower velocities at the wall boundary to reduce energy expenditure. When only one wall presented visual cues, individual fish spent more time associated with it in flowing water, suggesting some energetic benefit in lotic conditions. This may result from a greater ability to maintain station or control position relative to a reference point and/or the use of visual stimuli as a proxy indicator of physical structure which may provide drag-reducing refuge. A lesser association with the striped wall in static water suggests that visual cues provide other nonhydrodynamic benefits, such as physical refuge from predators or opportunities for crypsis. Conversely, less association of shoals with the striped walls may reflect a greater dependence on information provided by conspecifics or increased security associated with being part of a group. This study indicates that fixed visual cues likely provide several benefits that vary depending on flow and group membership. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.