Standards and export decisions: Firm-level evidence from developing countries
Standards and export decisions: Firm-level evidence from developing countries
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DOI：
10.1080/09638190802250027
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发表时间：
2008-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Maggie Xiaoyang Chen;J. Wilson;T. Otsuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maggie Xiaoyang Chen;J. Wilson;T. Otsuki
进口国制定的标准和技术法规已成为出口商，特别是发展中国家出口商日益关注的问题。本文探讨了各类标准在发展中国家企业出口决策中的重要性。根据世界银行技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）调查数据库，我们发现不同类型的标准与企业的集约型和外延型出口边际表现出截然不同的关系。质量标准不仅与企业跨市场和产品的平均出口量呈正相关，而且与企业的出口范围（以出口市场和产品的数量衡量）呈正相关。标签要求和出口范围之间也存在类似的关系。然而，认证程序与出口市场和出口产品数量的大幅下降有关。我们的结果表明，应采取不同的方法来解决每种类型的技术法规。并非所有标准都需要通过谈判来促进贸易，但以达成互认协议（MRA）为目的的认证程序谈判可以帮助企业提高规模经济和范围经济。
Standards and technical regulations set in importing countries have become a rising concern to exporters, especially to those in developing countries. This paper examines the importance of various types of standards in developing-country firms' export decisions. Drawn from the World Bank Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Survey database, we find that different types of standards exhibit sharply distinct relations with firms' intensive and extensive margins of exports. Quality standards are positively correlated not only with firms' average export volume across markets and products but also their export scope, measured by the number of export markets and products. A similar relationship is found between labeling requirements and export scope. Certification procedures, however, are associated with a significant decline in the number of export markets and export products. Our results suggest that different approaches should be taken to address each type of technical regulations. Not all standards need to be negotiated away to boost trade, but negotiations on certification procedures with the aim of reaching Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs) can help firms improve economies of scale and scope.