Comparisons of food availability and group density of Japanese macaques in primary, naturally regenerated, and plantation forests
Comparisons of food availability and group density of Japanese macaques in primary, naturally regenerated, and plantation forests
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DOI：
10.1002/ajp.20142
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Takahata, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanya, G;Zamma, K;Takahata, Y
我们比较了日本南部屋久岛的原始森林和两个受伐木干扰、具有不同更新史的栖息地的日本猕猴的食物可获得性和群体密度。这项研究是在一个未受干扰的国家公园进行的，森林是7-18年前砍伐的，后来自然再生，还有19-27年前砍伐的森林，后来种植了日本雪松(Cryptomeria Japan Onica)树。人工林主要由低林分密度的柳杉大树组成，而天然更新林主要由许多小乔木组成。原始林的总断面积和乔木数与人工林相当。年果品产量以天然更新林最大，原始林次之，人工林最小。草本植物在天然更新林中的有效性较高，但在原始林和人工林中的有效性较低。日本猕猴种群密度在天然更新林中较高，在原始林中居中，在人工林中较低。由于天然更新林的种群规模较小，个体密度与原始林基本相同。这些结果表明，在这两个栖息地，再生对猕猴的影响不同。人工林主要由柳杉组成，它在有限的季节只提供花卉作为食物，猕猴的密度也较低。另一方面，在自然更新林中，果实产量和草本植物利用率高(可能是因为采伐后光照条件增强)，猕猴的密度与原始林一样高。
We compared food availability and group density of Japanese macaques in Yakushima, southern Japan, among primary forest and two habitats that had been disturbed by logging and had different regeneration histories. The study was conducted in an undisturbed national park, forest that was logged 7-18 years ago and later naturally regenerated, and forest that was logged 19-27 years ago and later planted with Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) trees. The plantation forest was primarily composed of large Cryptomeria japonica trees at low stand density, while the naturally regenerated forest was composed of many small trees. The total basal area and number of trees in the primary forest were comparable to those in the plantation forest. Annual fruit production was greatest in the naturally regenerated forest, intermediate in the primary forest, and negligible in the plantation forest. Herb availability was high in the naturally regenerated forest, but low in the primary and plantation forests. The group density of Japanese macaques was high in the naturally regenerated forest, intermediate in the primary forest, and low in the plantation forest. Since group size in the naturally regenerated forest was small, individual density was almost the same as in the primary forest. These results suggest that the effects of regeneration on macaques vary between the two habitats. The plantation forest consisted mostly of Cryptomeria japonica, which supplies only flowers as food in a limited season, and had a lower density of macaques. On the other hand, in the naturally regenerated forest, fruit production and herb availability were high (probably because of the enhanced light conditions after logging), and the density of macaques was as high as in the primary forest.