Communication Through Soil in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks – Theory and Practice
Communication Through Soil in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks – Theory and Practice
复制标题
无线地下传感器网络中通过土壤进行的通信 - 理论与实践
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-01341-6_12
复制
发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Agnelo R. Silva
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Vuran;Agnelo R. Silva
无线地下传感器网络是近年来发展起来的无线传感器网络技术的一个重要应用领域。WUSN是一种专门的WSN，主要集中在土壤的地下区域（即土壤的顶部几米）使用传感器。长期以来，这一区域一直被用于埋设传感器，通常针对灌溉和环境监测应用，尽管没有无线通信能力; WUSN承诺填补这一空白，并为新的应用提供基础设施。无线传感器网络与地面无线传感器网络的主要区别在于通信介质。事实上，电磁波在土壤和空气中传播的差异是如此显著，以至于直到最近才能对地下无线信道进行完整的表征。本章介绍了高级信道模型，这些模型是为了表征地下无线信道而开发的，考虑了电磁波在土壤中的传播特性及其与这些波的频率、土壤成分和土壤湿度的关系。其他重要方面，如埋深，反射，折射，和多径衰落的影响，对电磁波也被认为是。现场实验结果与仿真结果相结合，综合考虑了路径损耗和误码率，证明了WUSNs的可行性。本章最后展望了潜在的研究课题，实现WUSNs是必不可少的。
Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) constitute one of the promising application areas of the recently developed wireless sensor networking techniques. WUSN is a specialized kind of WSN that mainly focuses on the use of sensors at the subsurface region of the soil, that is, the top few meters of the soil. For a long time, this region has been used to bury sensors, usually targeting irrigation and environment monitoring applications, although without wireless communication capability; WUSNs promise to fill this gap and to provide the infrastructure for novel applications. The main difference between WUSNs and the terrestrial WSNs is the communication medium. In fact, the differences between the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in soil and in air are so significant that a complete characterization of the underground wireless channel was only available recently. This chapter presents advanced channel models that were developed to characterize the underground wireless channel considering the characteristics of the propagation of EM waves in soil and their relation with the frequency of these waves, the soil composition, and the soil moisture. Additional important aspects such as the burial depth, the reflection, the refraction, and multi path fading effects on the EM waves are also considered. The results from the field experiments in conjunction with the simulation results, both considering the path loss and the bit error rate, prove the feasibility of WUSNs. The chapter concludes with an outlook on potential research topics that are essential for the realization of WUSNs.