Effect of a Jurassic oceanic anoxic event on belemnite ecology and evolution
Effect of a Jurassic oceanic anoxic event on belemnite ecology and evolution
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侏罗纪海洋缺氧事件对箭石生态和进化的影响
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1320156111
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Korte
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Ullmann;N. Thibault;M. Ruhl;S. Hesselbo;C. Korte
Toarcian海洋缺氧事件（OAE; 1.83亿年前）是地球历史上最大的碳循环扰动之一，气候变化迅速，海洋缺氧广泛，海洋生态系统发生强烈变化。在这一事件中，大气pCO 2增加，海洋氧气供应量的变化和海洋生物反应之间的时间联系仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们使用同位素分析的方解石和有机物从箭石，海洋食肉动物的时间，以解决他们的底层水缺氧OAE期间的反应。我们推断，一些belemnite类群表现出弹性的强烈减少海洋氧气的可用性和占领的生态位在克利夫兰盆地（英国），使一个强大的进化多样化的事件后。Toarcian海洋缺氧事件（T-OAE; 1.83亿年前）可能是中生代广泛的海洋缺氧的最极端事件，与大气pCO 2快速增加和海洋动物生物多样性的显著丧失相一致。这一事件是地球系统中一个独特的过去临界点，其中同位素轻碳的快速和大规模释放导致有机和无机碳同位素记录中记录的全球碳循环的重大扰动。由于人为排放温室气体导致海洋缺氧加剧，预计现代海洋生态系统的生物多样性将遭受重大损失。这种人为强迫的潜在后果可以通过研究过去的模拟环境扰动（如T-OAE）来近似。在这里，我们提出了我们的知识，第一个有机碳同位素记录来自有机基质中的方解石喙早期Toarcian碧流岩。我们结合联合收割机的有机和方解石的碳同位素分析，这些海洋食肉动物的个体标本，以获得一个完善的重建早期Toarcian全球外源碳循环扰动和belemnite古生态。有机碳同位素数据结合测量的氧同位素值从相同的标本允许一个更强大的解释之间的相互作用的全球碳循环扰动，环境变化和生物反应在T-OAE。我们推断，为了适应海底缺氧的扩大，箭石通过将其栖息地从寒冷的底部沃茨水域转移到温暖的表面沃茨水域来适应环境变化。
Significance The Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (OAE; ∼183 million y ago) is marked by one of the largest carbon cycle perturbations in Earth history, rapid climate change, widespread ocean oxygen deficiency, and strong changes in marine ecosystems. The temporal links between increasing atmospheric pCO2, changes in ocean oxygen availability, and marine biotic response during this event are still poorly understood. Here we use isotopic analyses of calcite and organic matter from belemnites, marine predators of that time, to address their response to bottom water anoxia during the OAE. We infer that some belemnite taxa showed resilience to a strong reduction in ocean oxygen availability and occupied ecological niches in the Cleveland Basin (United Kingdom), enabling a strong evolutionary diversification after the event. The Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE; ∼183 million y ago) is possibly the most extreme episode of widespread ocean oxygen deficiency in the Phanerozoic, coinciding with rapid atmospheric pCO2 increase and significant loss of biodiversity in marine faunas. The event is a unique past tipping point in the Earth system, where rapid and massive release of isotopically light carbon led to a major perturbation in the global carbon cycle as recorded in organic and inorganic C isotope records. Modern marine ecosystems are projected to experience major loss in biodiversity in response to enhanced ocean anoxia driven by anthropogenic release of greenhouse gases. Potential consequences of this anthropogenic forcing can be approximated by studying analog environmental perturbations in the past such as the T-OAE. Here we present to our knowledge the first organic carbon isotope record derived from the organic matrix in the calcite rostra of early Toarcian belemnites. We combine both organic and calcite carbon isotope analyses of individual specimens of these marine predators to obtain a refined reconstruction of the early Toarcian global exogenic carbon cycle perturbation and belemnite paleoecology. The organic carbon isotope data combined with measurements of oxygen isotope values from the same specimens allow for a more robust interpretation of the interplay between the global carbon cycle perturbation, environmental change, and biotic response during the T-OAE. We infer that belemnites adapted to environmental change by shifting their habitat from cold bottom waters to warm surface waters in response to expanded seafloor anoxia.
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Hermoso, Michael;Minoletti, Fabrice;Jenkyns, Hugh C.
通讯作者：
Jenkyns, Hugh C.