Bone cell differentiation: a functionally coupled relationship between expression of cell-growth- and tissue-specific genes.
Bone cell differentiation: a functionally coupled relationship between expression of cell-growth- and tissue-specific genes.
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DOI：
10.1016/0955-0674(90)90151-4
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发表时间：
1990-12
影响因子：
7.5
通讯作者：
G. Stein;J. Lian;T. Owen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Stein;J. Lian;T. Owen
一个多世纪以来，发育生物学家一直将细胞生长与分化相关事件的发生和进展之间的功能关系视为一个基本问题。骨是一种生长和分化的关系必须维持和严格调节的组织，无论是在发育过程中还是在生物体的整个生命周期中，以支持组织重塑。骨形成有两种不同的途径，每种途径都需要一系列高度相互依赖的过程和信号机制，并且都依赖于增加组织质量的增殖以及骨ceU表型表达关键成分的调节。在膜内骨发育中，骨组织由祖细胞ceU分化成成骨细胞直接形成，成骨细胞产生高水平的I型胶原蛋白、碱性磷酸酶和独特的非胶原蛋白，促进细胞外基质矿化。第二种更复杂的途径是软骨内成骨，最初包括软骨形成和钙化软骨的吸收，然后是成骨。因此，成骨细胞分化的信号可以有多种来源。所有骨的重塑进一步说明了骨细胞分化的复杂性，因为在这里，破骨细胞（骨的多核吸收细胞）的成熟和/或激活部分需要成骨细胞产生的因子。成骨细胞的增殖和分化受骨基质在吸收过程中释放的因子（生长因子、趋化蛋白）的调节，从而调节组织的稳定性和更新，以响应骨骼需求或生理性钙需求的变化。成骨细胞分化的另一个重要组成部分是获得对激素的反应能力，激素调节骨形成和转换。
A functional relationship between cell growth and the initiation and progression of events associated with differentiation has been viewed by developmental biologists for more than a century as a fundamental question. Bone is a tissue where the relationship of growth and differentiation must be maintained and stringently regulated both during development and throughout the life of the organism to support tissue remodeling. Two distinct pathways are associated with bone formation, each necessitating a highly interdependent series of processes and signaling mechanisms and both dependent upon proliferation for increasing tissue mass as weU as for regulation of key components of bone ceU phenotype expression. In one pathway, intmmembranous bone development, bone tissue forms directly by progenitor ceU differentiation to committed osteoblasts which produce high levels of type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase and unique non-collagenous proteins that promote extracellular matrix mineralization. The second, more complex pathway, endochondral bone formation, initially involves chondrogenesis and resorption of calcified cartilage, followed by osteogenesis. Signals for osteoblast differentiation can therefore derive from multiple sources. The complexity of bone cell ditTerentiation is further illustrated by the remodeling of all bone, because here the matuxation and/or activation of osteoclasts (multinucleated resorbing cells of bone) requires, in part, factors produced by osteoblasts. Osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, in turn, are regulated by factors (growth factors, chemotactic proteins) released from the bone matrix undergoing resorption, thereby regulating tissue stability and turnover in response to changes in skeletal requirements or physiologic calcium demands. Another important component of osteoblast differentiation is acquisition of competency for responsiveness to hormones, which regulate both bone formation and turnover.