OLFACTION AND GUSTATION IN FISH - AN OVERVIEW
OLFACTION AND GUSTATION IN FISH - AN OVERVIEW
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1748-1716.1994.tb09800.x
复制
发表时间：
1994-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
HARA, TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HARA, TJ
鱼类生活在水环境中，通常缺乏光线，但富含溶解化合物，它们具有高度发达的化学感觉和化学信号系统。嗅觉和味觉系统构成了主要的化学感觉通路。尽管整个鱼类的外周嗅觉器官的结构组织有相当大的差异，但嗅觉感觉上皮的超微结构组织是非常一致的。嗅觉受体细胞是一种双极神经元，它直接暴露于外部环境，并通过自身的轴突（颅神经I）向大脑传递信息。四种主要的化学物质已被确定为特定的嗅觉刺激，它们的刺激效果表征为：氨基酸、性类固醇、胆汁酸/盐和前列腺素。嗅觉信号，如涉及生殖和喂养的信号，是通过两个不同的子系统独立处理的：外侧和内侧嗅觉系统。味蕾构成了味觉器官的结构基础。味蕾不仅存在于口咽腔，也存在于整个体表。由专门的上皮细胞、味觉细胞检测到的化学信息通过颅神经VII（面部）、IX（舌咽部）和X（迷走神经）传递到中枢神经系统。除了对氨基酸的不同敏感性和特异性外，鱼的味觉受体还能检测各种有机酸、核苷酸和胆盐。本文讨论了可能的受体、转导的分子机制以及嗅觉和味觉在鱼类摄食、繁殖、迁徙和其他行为中的作用。
Living in an aquatic environment, often devoid of light but rich in dissolved compounds, fish have highly developed chemosensory and chemical signalling systems. The olfactory and gustatory systems comprise the major chemosensory pathways. Despite considerable variations in structural organization of the peripheral olfactory organ throughout fish species, ultrastructural organization of the olfactory sensory epithelium is extremely consistent. The olfactory receptor cell is a bipolar neurone which is directly exposed to the external environment and sends information to the brain by its own axon (cranial nerve I). Four major classes of chemicals have been identified as specific olfactory stimuli and their stimulatory effectiveness characterized: amino acids, sex steroids, bile acids/salts and prostaglandins. Olfactory signals such as those involved in reproduction and feeding map be processed independently through two distinct subsystems: the lateral and medial olfactory systems. The taste buds constitute the structural basis of the gustatory organ. Taste buds may occur not only in the oropharyngeal cavity, but on the whole body surface. Chemical information detected by specialized epithelial cells, gustatory cells, is transmitted to the central nervous system by cranial nerve VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagal). Besides diverse sensitivities and specificities for amino acids, fish gustatory receptors detect various organic acids, nucleotides and bile salts. Putative receptors, molecular mechanisms of transduction and the role played by olfaction and gustation in feeding, reproduction, migration and other fish behaviours are discussed.