Coexistence of nine anemonefish species: differential host and habitat utilization, size and recruitment
Coexistence of nine anemonefish species: differential host and habitat utilization, size and recruitment
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DOI：
10.1007/s002270000441
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Mariscal, RN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elliott, JK;Mariscal, RN
巴布亚新几内亚马当地区报告的海葵鱼（九种）及其寄主海葵（十种）的物种多样性最高。为了确定哪些因素可以让如此多的小丑鱼物种在这个地方共存，我们研究了它们的分布、丰度和补充模式。对距离大陆不同距离的四个区域（近岸、泻湖中部、外屏障和近海）内的三个重复珊瑚礁地点进行的种群调查表明，每种宿主海葵和海葵鱼都生活在特定的区域范围内。每种小丑鱼主要与一种寄主生活在一起。与同一寄主物种生活在一起的小丑鱼物种通常在不同区域具有不同的分布模式（例如，在近岸区域，Amphiprion percula 占据 Heteractis magnifica，而在近海区域，A. perideraion 占据 H. magnifica）。对自然种群的监测表明，在 3 至 9 个月的时间内，与每只海葵相关的鱼类数量或种类几乎没有变化（损失或补充）。对三个区域（近岸、泻湖中部、进入屏障）内有或没有居民的海葵的补充情况进行监测（居民鱼已被清除）。没有常驻鱼类的海葵中的海葵鱼数量明显多于有常驻鱼类的海葵。每个小丑鱼物种都被招募到特定的宿主物种和区域。各鱼类新种群在各区域的分布和丰度与底栖栖息地常住鱼类的分布和丰度呈正相关。这表明区域间补充的空间模式强烈决定了底栖种群的分布和丰度模式，并且它们不是补充后死亡或移动的结果。由于生态位分化（即不同区域的寄主和栖息地利用的差异）以及两个小型物种（即 Amphiprion sandaracinos 和 A. leucokranos）能够与其他小丑鱼物种共存，因此在有限的海葵资源上九种小丑鱼共存被认为是可能的。
The region of Madang, Papua New Guinea, has the highest reported species diversity of both anemonefishes (nine species) and their host anemones (ten species). To determine which factors may allow so many anemonefish species to coexist at this location, we studied their patterns of distribution, abundance, and recruitment. Population surveys at three replicate reef sites within four zones situated at varying distances from the mainland (nearshore, mid-lagoon, outer barrier, and offshore) indicated that each species of host anemone and anemonefish lived within a particular range of zones. Each species of anemonefish lived primarily with one species of host. Anemonefish species that lived with the same host species usually had different distribution patterns among zones (e.g., Amphiprion percula occupied Heteractis magnifica in nearshore zones, while A. perideraion occupied H. magnifica in offshore zones). Monitoring of natural populations showed that there were few changes (losses or recruitment) in the number or species of fishes associated with each individual anemone over periods ranging from 3 to 9 months. Recruitment was monitored on anemones with and without residents (resident fishes were removed) within each of three zones (nearshore, mid-lagoon, enter barrier). Significantly more anemonefishes recruited to anemones without resident fishes than to anemones with resident fishes. Each anemonefish species recruited to particular host species and zones. The distribution and abundance of the recruits of each fish species amongzones were positively correlated with the distribution and abundance of resident fishes in the benthic habitat. This suggests that the spatial patterns of recruitment among zones strongly determined the distribution and abundance patterns of the benthic populations, and they were not the result of post-recruitment mortality or movement. Coexistence of the nine anemonefish species on the limited anemone resource was considered possible because of niche differentiation (i.e., differences in host and habitat utilization among zones), and the ability of two small species (i.e., Amphiprion sandaracinos and A. leucokranos) to cohabit individual anemones with other anemonefish species.