Cloud Trails Past the Lesser Antilles

Cloud Trails Past the Lesser Antilles
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云朵飘过小安的列斯群岛

DOI:
10.1175/mwr-d-14-00254.1
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Kirshbaum D
Kirshbaum D
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kirshbaum D

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观测和云解析模拟细长的云羽(或“云迹”)过去的小安的列斯群岛在加勒比海。对一年的可见光卫星图像的分析表明,每个岛屿在30%-40%的日子里都会形成云迹,通常是在下午,以响应昼夜的岛屿加热。在大约10%的日子里,云带组织得很好,长度为 和持续时间 无线电探空仪分析表明,组织良好的事件受到中到强信风(6-10 m s-1)和更强的信风反转的青睐。模拟的云迹,这是一致的观测在其形态和昼夜周期,是由准线性带的热强迫收敛内的加热岛唤醒。它们对地表通量、逆温强度和高度、地形高度和信风速度等敏感。地面通量控制尾流热环流的强度,逆温控制降水和云下冷池对云迹的破坏。地形高度和风速的影响是多方面的,包括控制(i)机械流态,(ii)尾流湍流强度,(iii)云迹长度,(iv)尾流热异常,以及(v)升高的加热效应(加强热会聚)。量纲分析是用来开发经验缩放的尾热循环,这说明了一套数值灵敏度测试合理。
Observations and cloud-resolving simulations of elongated cloud plumes (or “cloud trails”) past the Lesser Antilles islands in the Caribbean Sea are presented. Analysis of one year of visible satellite images reveals that each island forms cloud trails on 30%–40% of days, typically in the afternoon in response to diurnal island heating. On around 10% of days the cloud bands are very well organized, with lengths of and durations of min. Radiosonde analysis suggests that the well-organized events are favored by moderate-to-strong trade winds (6–10 m s−1) and stronger trade inversions. The simulated cloud trails, which are consistent with observations in their morphology and diurnal cycle, are organized by quasi-linear bands of thermally forced convergence within the heated island wake. They are sensitive to overland surface fluxes, inversion strength and height, terrain height, and trade-wind speed. While surface fluxes control the strength of the wake thermal circulations, the inversion controls precipitation and the disruption of cloud trails by subcloud cold pools. The impacts of terrain height and wind speed are multifaceted, including control over (i) the mechanical flow regime, (ii) the intensity of wake turbulence, (iii) the cloud-trail length, (iv) the wake thermal anomaly, and (v) elevated-heating effects (which strengthen the thermal convergence). Dimensional analysis is used to develop empirical scalings for the wake thermal circulation, which describe the suite of numerical sensitivity tests reasonably well.
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DOI: --
发表时间: 1994
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发表时间: 1972
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DOI: 10.1175/2007jas2335.1
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影响因子: 3.1
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