Cloud Trails Past the Lesser Antilles
Cloud Trails Past the Lesser Antilles
复制标题
云朵飘过小安的列斯群岛
DOI:
10.1175/mwr-d-14-00254.1
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Kirshbaum D
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kirshbaum D
Observations and cloud-resolving simulations of elongated cloud plumes (or “cloud trails”) past the Lesser Antilles islands in the Caribbean Sea are presented. Analysis of one year of visible satellite images reveals that each island forms cloud trails on 30%–40% of days, typically in the afternoon in response to diurnal island heating. On around 10% of days the cloud bands are very well organized, with lengths of and durations of min. Radiosonde analysis suggests that the well-organized events are favored by moderate-to-strong trade winds (6–10 m s−1) and stronger trade inversions. The simulated cloud trails, which are consistent with observations in their morphology and diurnal cycle, are organized by quasi-linear bands of thermally forced convergence within the heated island wake. They are sensitive to overland surface fluxes, inversion strength and height, terrain height, and trade-wind speed. While surface fluxes control the strength of the wake thermal circulations, the inversion controls precipitation and the disruption of cloud trails by subcloud cold pools. The impacts of terrain height and wind speed are multifaceted, including control over (i) the mechanical flow regime, (ii) the intensity of wake turbulence, (iii) the cloud-trail length, (iv) the wake thermal anomaly, and (v) elevated-heating effects (which strengthen the thermal convergence). Dimensional analysis is used to develop empirical scalings for the wake thermal circulation, which describe the suite of numerical sensitivity tests reasonably well.
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DOI:
--
发表时间:
1994
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
C. Dorman
通讯作者:
C. Dorman
DOI:
10.1175/jam2241.1
发表时间:
2005
期刊:
Journal of Applied Meteorology
影响因子:
--
作者:
S. McFarlane;C. Long;Donna Flynn
通讯作者:
Donna Flynn
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
D. Kirshbaum
通讯作者:
D. Kirshbaum
DOI:
--
发表时间:
1972
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
D. Souza;R. Lawrence
通讯作者:
R. Lawrence
影响因子:
3.1
作者:
D. Kirshbaum;R. Rotunno;G. Bryan
通讯作者:
G. Bryan