African swine fever virus transmission cycles in Central Europe: Evaluation of wild boar-soft tick contacts through detection of antibodies against Ornithodoros erraticus saliva antigen.
African swine fever virus transmission cycles in Central Europe: Evaluation of wild boar-soft tick contacts through detection of antibodies against Ornithodoros erraticus saliva antigen.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12917-015-0629-9
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发表时间：
2016-01-04
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pietschmann J;Mur L;Blome S;Beer M;Pérez-Sánchez R;Oleaga A;Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM
非洲猪瘟（ASF）是影响家猪和野猪的最复杂的病毒性疾病之一。它是由非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）引起的，ASFV是唯一可以通过节肢动物媒介，即鸟属软蜱有效传播的DNA病毒。这些蜱虫可能是非洲猪瘟传播周期的一部分，在欧洲，西班牙和葡萄牙的不稳定蜱被证明是长期维持非洲猪瘟的原因。2014年，这种疾病再次传入欧盟，影响了家猪，重要的是，也影响了欧亚野猪种群。首次尝试评估中欧蜱-野猪传播周期的风险，这将进一步使根除该疾病复杂化。研究人员使用间接ELISA方法，对德国四个具有代表性的联邦州捕获的700多个预先存在的野猪血清样本进行了调查，以确定是否存在针对不稳定鸟蜱唾液抗原的抗体。在这些样本中，16个反应具有中等到高的光学密度，这可能表明样本野猪的蜱叮咬。然而，这些样本没有显示出空间聚类（它们是从遥远的地理区域收集的）并且质量差（溶血/杂质）。此外，所有阳性样本均来自软蜱气候不理想的地区。因此，很可能出现假阳性反应。总之，该研究没有提供在被调查的德国联邦州软蜱与野猪接触的严格证据，因此，不太可能与德国野猪的ASF流行病学有关。这一事实将有助于根除该地区的非洲猪瘟，尽管需要考虑其他复杂的关系（野猪生物学和与家猪的相互作用）。
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most complex viral diseases affecting both domestic and wild pigs. It is caused by ASF virus (ASFV), the only DNA virus which can be efficiently transmitted by an arthropod vector, soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. These ticks can be part of ASFV-transmission cycles, and in Europe, O. erraticus was shown to be responsible for long-term maintenance of ASFV in Spain and Portugal. In 2014, the disease has been reintroduced into the European Union, affecting domestic pigs and, importantly, also the Eurasian wild boar population. In a first attempt to assess the risk of a tick-wild boar transmission cycle in Central Europe that would further complicate eradication of the disease, over 700 pre-existing serum samples from wild boar hunted in four representative German Federal States were investigated for the presence of antibodies directed against salivary antigen of Ornithodoros erraticus ticks using an indirect ELISA format. Out of these samples, 16 reacted with moderate to high optical densities that could be indicative of tick bites in sampled wild boar. However, these samples did not show a spatial clustering (they were collected from distant geographical regions) and were of bad quality (hemolysis/impurities). Furthermore, all positive samples came from areas with suboptimal climate for soft ticks. For this reason, false positive reactions are likely. In conclusion, the study did not provide stringent evidence for soft tick-wild boar contact in the investigated German Federal States and thus, a relevant involvement in the epidemiology of ASF in German wild boar is unlikely. This fact would facilitate the eradication of ASF in the area, although other complex relations (wild boar biology and interactions with domestic pigs) need to be considered.