Purchaser Licensing, Point-of-Sale Background Check Laws, and Firearm Homicide and Suicide in 4 US States, 1985-2017
Purchaser Licensing, Point-of-Sale Background Check Laws, and Firearm Homicide and Suicide in 4 US States, 1985-2017
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2020.305822
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发表时间：
2020-10-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Webster, Daniel W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCourt, Alexander D.;Crifasi, Cassandra K.;Webster, Daniel W.
目标。评估和比较美国4个州的州背景调查政策对枪支相关死亡率的影响。1985年至2017年的年度数据被用来审查马里兰州和宾夕法尼亚州，这两个州对手枪购买者实施了销售点全面背景调查(CBC)法律；康涅狄格州通过了手枪购买者许可法；密苏里州废除了类似的法律。使用综合控制方法，我们估计了这些规律对凶杀率和自杀率的影响，按涉及枪支的情况分层。CBC法与死亡率之间没有一致的关系。据估计，与康涅狄格州法律有关的枪杀率(27.8%)和枪杀率(23.2%-40.5%)有所下降。据估计，与密苏里州的废除相关的枪支杀人(47.3%)、非枪支杀人(18.1%)和枪支自杀(23.5%)的比率都有所增加。购买者许可法和CBC要求一直与较低的枪支凶杀率和自杀率有关，但CBC法本身并不是这样。公共健康影响。我们的结果有助于一系列研究表明，CBC法律与减少与枪支有关的死亡人数无关，除非它们与手枪购买者许可法相结合。
Objectives. To estimate and compare the effects of state background check policies on firearm-related mortality in 4 US states.Methods. Annual data from 1985 to 2017 were used to examine Maryland and Pennsylvania, which implemented point-of-sale comprehensive background check (CBC) laws for handgun purchasers; Connecticut, which adopted a handgun purchaser licensing law; and Missouri, which repealed a similar law. Using synthetic control methods, we estimated the effects of these laws on homicide and suicide rates stratified by firearm involvement.Results. There was no consistent relationship between CBC laws and mortality rates. There were estimated decreases in firearm homicide (27.8%) and firearm suicide (23.2%-40.5%) rates associated with Connecticut's law. There were estimated increases in firearm homicide (47.3%), nonfirearm homicide (18.1%), and firearm suicide (23.5%) rates associated with Missouri's repeal.Conclusions. Purchaser licensing laws coupled with CBC requirements were consistently associated with lower firearm homicide and suicide rates, but CBC laws alone were not.Public Health Implications. Our results contribute to a body of research showing that CBC laws are not associated with reductions in firearm-related deaths unless they are coupled with handgun purchaser licensing laws.