Routine habitat switching alters the likelihood and persistence of infection with a pathogenic parasite
Routine habitat switching alters the likelihood and persistence of infection with a pathogenic parasite
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.13038
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发表时间：
2018-05-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Garner, Trenton W. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daversa, David R.;Manica, Andrea;Garner, Trenton W. J.
1.动物定期改变栖息地，当栖息地适合寄生时，例行的栖息地改变会改变寄生虫暴露的频率，并可能影响感染后寄生虫的繁殖。然而，常规栖息地转换对感染动态的影响还没有被很好地理解。我们通过感染实验、行为学观察和现场监测来评估高山蝾螈(Ichhyosaura Alpestris)的日常栖息地转换对致病寄生虫巴氏杆菌(Batrachochytrium endrobatidis(Bd))感染动态的影响。我们发现，当水生栖息地暴露于相同总剂量的Bd时，暴露频率和暴露后栖息地的差异改变了感染轨迹：当剂量被分成多次、低强度暴露时，蝾螈发生了更多的感染，持续时间更长。暴露后转到陆地栖息地的蝾螈的感染强度和持久性都有所降低。当让它们选择栖息地时，它们并不能避免暴露在Bd环境中，但感染严重的它们更容易减少在水中停留的时间。考虑到在水生和陆地栖息地之间的常规切换，在实验中产生的感染负荷分布与两个野生种群中的分布一致。总之，这些发现强调，不同的栖息地使用和与日常活动相关的行为可能是感染风险和严重程度的重要生态决定因素。
1. Animals switch habitats on a regular basis, and when habitats vary in suitability for parasitism, routine habitat switching alters the frequency of parasite exposure and may affect post-infection parasite proliferation. However, the effects of routine habitat switching on infection dynamics are not well understood.2. We performed infection experiments, behavioural observations and field surveillance to evaluate how routine habitat switching by adult alpine newts (Ichthyosaura alpestris) influences infection dynamics of the pathogenic parasite, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd).3. We show that when newts are exposed to equal total doses of Bd in aquatic habitats, differences in exposure frequency and post-exposure habitat alter infection trajectories: newts developed more infections that persisted longer when doses were broken into multiple, reduced-intensity exposures. Intensity and persistence of infections were reduced among newts that were switched to terrestrial habitats following exposure.4. When presented with a choice of habitats, newts did not avoid exposure to Bd, but heavily infected newts were more prone to reduce time spent in water.5. Accounting for routine switching between aquatic and terrestrial habitat in the experiments generated distributions of infection loads that were consistent with those in two populations of wild newts.6. Together, these findings emphasize that differential habitat use and behaviours associated with daily movement can be important ecological determinants of infection risk and severity.