NEURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR SYSTEM RESPONSIBLE FOR FEAR
NEURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR SYSTEM RESPONSIBLE FOR FEAR
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03210947
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发表时间：
1994-12-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
FANSELOW, MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FANSELOW, MS
本文将行为系统方法应用于恐惧和防御行为，从这个有利的角度研究控制恐惧和防御行为的神经回路。防御行为系统被认为有三种模式，由不同程度的恐惧激活。低水平的恐惧会促进遭遇前的防御，比如重新调整饮食模式。中等程度的恐惧会激活遭遇后的防御。对于大鼠来说，冻结是主要的遭遇后防御反应。由于这种防御模式是由习得性恐惧激活的，杏仁核等前脑结构在其组织中起着至关重要的作用。杏仁核向腹侧导水管周围灰质的投射激活了冻结。极度的恐惧，比如那些由身体接触引起的恐惧，会引发强烈的主动防御，形成循环攻击模式。中脑结构如背外侧导水管周围灰质和上丘在组织这种防御模式中起着至关重要的作用。在循环攻击和遭遇后防御之间的抑制相互作用允许在威胁情况变化时在防御模式之间快速切换。
This paper applies the behavior systems approach to fear and defensive behavior, examining the neural circuitry controlling fear and defensive behavior from this vantage point. The defensive behavior system is viewed as having three modes that are activated by different levels of fear. Low levels of fear promote pre-encounter defenses, such as meal-pattern reorganization. Moderate levels of fear activate post-encounter defenses. For the rat, freezing is the dominant post-encounter defensive response. Since this mode of defense is activated by learned fear, forebrain structures such as the amygdala play a critical role in its organization. Projections from the amygdala to the ventral periaqueductal gray activate freezing. Extremely high levels of fear, such as those provoked by physical contact, elicit the vigorous active defenses that compose the circa-strike mode. Midbrain structures such as the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray and the superior colliculus play a crucial role in organizing this mode of defense. Inhibitory interactions between the structures mediating circa-strike and post-encounter defense allow for the rapid switching between defensive modes as the threatening situation varies.