Modeling Modes of Hunter-Gatherer Food Storage
Modeling Modes of Hunter-Gatherer Food Storage
复制标题
狩猎采集者食物储存的建模模式
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Christopher Morgan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christopher Morgan
对加利福尼亚州内华达山脉西部莫诺在全新世晚期所采用的不同橡子储存技术的容量和速度的分析表明，狩猎-采集者至少以三种主要模式储存食物：中央储存、分散缓存和分散批量缓存。与中心位置缓存模式相比，缓存模式的优势在于它们需要更快的存储速率，因此当季节性和调度冲突限制存储机会时，可以最大限度地提高存储容量。它们还导致可预测的橡子储存与冬季人口聚集分开，但往往在季节性占用的营地附近。因此，中央地点储存似乎与应对环境生产力的一年季节性变化和久坐越冬战略最直接相关；缓存，特别是大容量缓存，与多年的环境不可预测性、越冬和季节性住宅搬迁最直接相关。因此，仓储的发展似乎总体上是对季节性和不可预测的环境生产力的反应，但其各种形式主要受它们与不同流动类型的联系方式的制约。然而，复杂的单一储存行为与地区较低的人口密度和相对简单的社会结构有关，尽管如此，酋长们的特点是通过投掷储存的橡子来维持自己的职位。因此，储存、人口密度和社会文化复杂性之间的联系似乎不那么直接，而且是基于特定的社会政治环境。因此，认识不同的狩猎-采集存储模式对于评估生态、流动性、群体规模和社会差异在不同存储行为发展中所起的作用至关重要。
Abstract Analyses of the capacity and rates of different acorn storage techniques employed by the Western Mono of California’s Sierra Nevada during the very late Holacene indicate hunter-gatherers store food in at least three main modes: central-place storage, dispersed caching, and dispersed bulk caching. The advantage of caching modes over central-place ones is that they entail faster storage rates and thus the chance to maximize storage capacity when seasonality and scheduling conflicts limit storing opportunities. They also result in predictable stores of acorn separate from winter population aggregations but oftentimes near seasonally occupied camps. Central-place storage thus appears most directly related to coping with single-year seasonal variability in environmental productivity and sedentary overwintering strategies; caching, and especially bulk caching, with multi-year environmental unpredictability, overwintering and seasonal residential moves. Storage thus appears to generally develop as a response to seasonality and unpredictable environmental productivity, but its various forms are conditioned mainly by how they articulate with different mobility types. Complex Mono storage behaviors, however, were associated with regionally low population densities and relatively uncomplicated social structures nonetheless characterized by chiefs who maintained their positions by throwing feasts of stored acorn. The connections between storage, population density, and sociocultural complexity thus appear less direct and predicated on specific sociopolitical circumstance. Recognizing different modes of hunter-gatherer storage is consequently critical to assessing the roles ecology, mobility, group size, and social distinctions play in the development of disparate storage behaviors.