Regulation of Parasitoid Sex Allocation and Host Growth by Cotesia (Apanteles) kariyai (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Regulation of Parasitoid Sex Allocation and Host Growth by Cotesia (Apanteles) kariyai (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
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Cotesia (Apanteles) kariyai（膜翅目：茧蜂科）对寄生蜂性别分配和寄主生长的调节
DOI：
10.1093/aesa/85.3.310
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Y. Nakamatu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Toshiharu Tanaka;S. Yagi;Y. Nakamatu
卡氏绒茧蜂Cotesia（= Apanteles）kariyai（Watanabe）通过产卵量调节寄主粘虫Pseudaletia separata（步行者）的生长发育。寄生蜂卵越少，被寄生的寄主体重增加越少。被寄生宿主的体重增加被认为与食物消耗或食物转化为身体物质（或两者）的波动相关。没有发现随着产卵量的增加，摄食量增加，消化食物转化为体内物质的效率提高。花萼和毒液液抑制体重增加的unparasitized主机在一个类似的方式寄生。然而，与被寄生的宿主不同，注射花萼和毒液的宿主在达到最大值后体重并没有迅速下降。在寄生幼虫中观察到的快速减少似乎是由发育中的寄生性幼虫引起的。雌蜂在产卵时进行性分配，有效利用受花萼和毒液限制的寄主资源。晚五龄寄主的寄生导致比晚三龄更偏向雄性的后代。然而，分配在寄生晚第三和晚第五龄的女性后代的数量相等，男性后代的数量按比例转移，以弥补产卵数量的增加。这表明，为了有效地利用有限的宿主资源，而不减少个体雌性的体型（从而保证雌性卵发育的资源），剩余的资源被“分配”用于发育适当数量的雄性卵，因为雌性后代的体型减少与产卵数量相关，小于雄性后代。
The gregarious parasitoid Cotesia (= Apanteles ) kariyai (Watanabe) regulates the growth and development of its host Pseudaletia separata (Walker) with the quantity of eggs laid. Fewer parasitoid eggs caused the parasitized hosts to gain less weight. Weight gain of the parasitized hosts is supposed to be correlated with fluctuation of food consumption or food conversion (or both) into body substances. More food consumption and higher efficiency of conversion of digested food into body substance as increasing numbers of eggs laid were not detected. Calyx and venom fluids depressed the weight gain of unparasitized hosts in a way similar to parasitization. However, unlike parasitized hosts, those injected with calyx and venom fluids did not show a rapid decrease in weight after reaching the maximum value. The rapid decrease observed in parasitized larvae seemed to be caused by the developing parasitoid larvae. Female wasps manipulate sex allocation at the time of oviposition to use effectively host resources restricted by calyx and venom fluids. Parasitization of late fifth instar hosts resulted in a more male-biased progeny than that of late third instars. However, an equal number of female progeny was allocated in parasitized late third and late fifth instars, and the number of male progeny shifted proportionally to compensate for the increased number of eggs laid. This suggests that to use effectively the restricted resource of the host without reducing the body size of an individual female (thereby guaranteeing the resource for the development of female eggs), the remaining resource is “assigned” for the development of a suitable number of male eggs, because the size decrease of female progeny is less than that of male progeny in correlation with the number of eggs laid.