'Shifting ground': Renegotiating land rights and rural livelihoods in Sarawak, Malaysia
'Shifting ground': Renegotiating land rights and rural livelihoods in Sarawak, Malaysia
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8373.2011.01446.x
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Sujang, Patrick S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cramb, Rob;Sujang, Patrick S.
在本文中，我们使用一个面向行动者的角度来探讨砂拉越伊班人之间的土地使用和土地保有权的冲突和谈判的性质和程度。伊班人是长期从事小农经济作物的流动耕种者。我们认为，土地利用变化的复杂性和砂拉越近几十年来土地法律和政策的重大转变，特别是那些赞成在国有和传统土地上迅速扩大油棕榈种植园的人，创造了一种不确定的局面，可以利用这种局面来重新谈判土地权利和生计。我们提出了一个伊班社区的案例历史，在过去的世纪中，无论是在地理上还是在其相对于国家和私营部门行为体的战略地位上，都多次“转移阵地”。我们展示了如何，强大的压力下，这些行为者，这个社区仍然重新谈判其获得土地和其他资源，并投机性地开发了一个多样化的生计系统，使其能够生存在迅速变化的政治和经济条件。虽然不一定是典型的，但这个案例揭示了在一个强大的发展型国家背景下谈判的限制和模式。
In this paper, we use an actor-oriented perspective to explore the nature and extent of conflict and negotiation with regard to land use and tenure among the Iban of Sarawak. The Iban are shifting cultivators who have long been involved in smallholder cash crops. We argue that the complexity of land-use change and the major shifts in land law and policy in Sarawak in recent decades, particularly those favouring the rapid expansion of oil palm plantations on both state and customary land, have created a situation of indeterminacy that can be exploited to renegotiate land rights and livelihoods. We present a case history of an Iban community that has 'shifted ground' several times over the past century, both geographically and in its strategic position relative to state and private sector actors. We show how, under formidable pressure from these actors, this community has nevertheless renegotiated its access to land and other resources, and opportunistically developed a diversified livelihood system that has enabled it to survive in rapidly changing political and economic conditions. While not necessarily typical, the case sheds light on the limits and modes of negotiability in the context of a strong developmental state.