REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF BASS IN THE POTOMAC, USA, DRAINAGE: PART 2. SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF PERSISTENT AND EMERGING ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF BASS IN THE POTOMAC, USA, DRAINAGE: PART 2. SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF PERSISTENT AND EMERGING ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS
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DOI：
10.1897/08-417.1
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发表时间：
2009-05-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Mullican, John E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alvarez, David A.;Cranor, Walter L.;Mullican, John E.
2005年秋季和2006年春季，采用双管齐下的方法对进入美国波托马克河流域的有机污染物(其中许多是潜在的内分泌干扰物)的季节性发生进行了调查。在流域内污水处理厂排污口上方和下方相继部署了被动式采样器(半透膜装置和极性有机化学综合采样器[POCIS])。对取样器的分析导致检测到138种目标化学品中的84种。农业杀虫剂阿特拉津和异丙甲草胺的季节性变化最大，与前一年秋天的水平相比，春季的水浓度增加了3.1至91倍。在春季阿特拉津浓度升高的同时，在春季和夏季使用母体化合物后，秋季阿特拉津降解产物去乙基阿特拉津和去甲丙基阿特拉津的浓度也增加。其他目标化学品(有机氯农药、多环芳香烃和有机废水化学品)没有显示发生或浓度的季节性变化；然而，在废水处理厂排放的下游地点，存在的化学品的总浓度和数量更大。在这些下游地点发现了几种香料和阻燃剂，这是废水排放和人类活动的特征。POCIS提取物的生物发光酵母雌激素筛选体外分析表明，在所有采样点都存在能够产生雌激素反应的化学物质。
The seasonal occurrence of organic contaminants, many of which are potential endocrine disruptors, entering the Potomac River, USA, watershed was investigated using a two-pronged approach during the fall of 2005 and spring of 2006. Passive samplers (semipermeable membrane device and polar organic chemical integrative sampler [POCIS]) were deployed in tandem at sites above and below wastewater treatment plant discharges within the watershed. Analysis of the samplers resulted in detection of 84 of 138 targeted chemicals. The agricultural pesticides atrazine and metolachlor had the greatest seasonal changes in water concentrations, with a 3.1- to 91-fold increase in the spring compared with the level in the previous fall. Coinciding with the elevated concentrations of atrazine in the spring were increasing concentrations of the atrazine degradation products desethylatrazine and desisopropylatrazine in the fall following spring and summer application of the parent compound. Other targeted chemicals (organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and organic wastewater chemicals) did not indicate seasonal changes in occurrence or concentration; however, the overall concentrations and number of chemicals present were greater at the sites downstream of wastewater treatment plant discharges. Several fragrances and flame retardants were identified in these downstream sites, which are characteristic of wastewater effluent and human activities. The bioluminescent yeast estrogen screen in vitro assay of the POCIS extracts indicated the presence of chemicals that were capable of producing an estrogenic response at all sampling sites.