Protein aggregates in Huntington's disease.

Protein aggregates in Huntington's disease.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.12.013
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发表时间:
2012-11
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Finkbeiner, Steven
Finkbeiner, Steven
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Arrasate, Montserrat;Finkbeiner, Steven

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亨廷顿病(HD)是一种无法治愈的神经退行性疾病,其特征是运动异常、个性改变和过早死亡。HD是由IT-15基因突变引起的,该突变异常地扩大了CAG核苷酸重复数。因此,翻译的亨廷顿蛋白含有致病的谷氨酸(PolyQ)膨胀,使其容易错误折叠和聚集。虽然引起HD的基因和突变是已知的,但HD发病机制尚不清楚。在这里,我们将回顾HD的知识状况,特别是一个标志性的病理特征-突变型Htt的细胞内聚集,称为包涵体(IBS)。我们将描述IBS在疾病中的作用。我们推测,IB的形成可能只是错误折叠的Htt引发的更广泛应对反应的一个组成部分,其有效性可能取决于它清除突变Htt有毒形式的程度。我们将描述IB的形成可能如何被调控,以及哪些因素可以决定不同神经元亚群的不同应对反应。作为细胞环境函数的IB形成的不同调节最终可以解释在HD中观察到的神经元脆弱性的部分原因。
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by abnormal motor movements, personality changes, and early death. HD is caused by a mutation in the IT-15 gene that expands abnormally the number of CAG nucleotide repeats. As a result, the translated protein huntingtin contains disease-causing expansions of glutamines (polyQ) that make it prone to misfold and aggregate. While the gene and mutations that cause HD are known, the mechanisms underlying HD pathogenesis are not. Here we will review the state of knowledge of HD, focusing especially on a hallmark pathological feature—intracellular aggregates of mutant Htt called inclusion bodies (IBs). We will describe the role of IBs in the disease. We speculate that IB formation could be just one component of a broader coping response triggered by misfolded Htt whose efficacy may depend on the extent to which it clears toxic forms of mutant Htt. We will describe how IB formation might be regulated and which factors could determine different coping responses in different subsets of neurons. A differential regulation of IB formation as a function of the cellular context could, eventually, explain part of the neuronal vulnerability observed in HD.
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发表时间: 1998-04-01
影响因子: 6.1
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