Neo-Keynesian Disequilibrium Theory in a Monetary Economy
Neo-Keynesian Disequilibrium Theory in a Monetary Economy
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货币经济中的新凯恩斯主义不平衡理论
DOI：
10.2307/2296791
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发表时间：
1975
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Bénassy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Bénassy
（1. 1)传统（或新古典主义）经济学的大多数概念严格地只在一般均衡中成立，这排除了凯恩斯主义或马克思主义经济学的研究，或者与宏观经济理论的令人满意的整合，因为所有这些基本上都与非均衡状态有关，交易发生在非瓦尔拉斯价格。本文的目的是提出一些概念和工具，以便研究非均衡价格下分散货币经济3的功能和性质，这与Clower [9][10]和Leijonhufvud [30][31]的工作一致。如果经济主体的行为是理性的，那么它就必须被一个新的概念所取代，即有效需求的概念，这是由Clower [9]引入的，考虑到了数量约束和价格（其原型是消费函数）。此外，不同市场上的个人之间的相互作用不仅会引起价格调整（如标准瓦尔拉斯模型），而且会引起数量调整，这与莱琼霍夫德[30]所描述的传统动态乘数非常相似（"收入约束过程"）。许多作者已经成功地使用这种方法在简单均衡模型的框架内描述宏观经济现象（Barro-Grossman [2][3]，Glustoff [15]，Grossman [21][22]，Solow-Stiglitz [36]）。然而，这些简化的公式只能处理一种或两种以上的非均衡商品，我们在这里想在一般均衡分析的通常框架内重新表述上述概念。因此，在下文中，我们将研究一种货币处于非均衡状态的一般交换经济"A la Debreu"（生产可以毫无困难地纳入分析：Benassy [4][7]）。在这个框架中，我们将形式化有效需求概念，定义凯恩斯均衡并证明其存在性。我们还将证明凯恩斯主义分析的一个重要结果：在非瓦尔拉斯价格下，与货币交换结构相关的乘数效应是许多凯恩斯主义者的"无效率"的原因。
(1. 1) Presentation Most concepts of conventional (or neo-classical) economics hold rigorously only in general equilibrium, which precludes the study of Keynesian or Marxian Economics, or a satisfactory integration with macro-economic theory since all of these are essentially concerned with disequilibrium states, where transactions take place at non-Walrasian prices. It is our purpose in this paper to present concepts and tools permitting study of the functioning and properties of a decentralized monetary economy3 at disequilibrium prices, in line with the work of Clower [9] [10] and Leijonhufvud [30] [31].4 The usual concept of demand is no longer valid as soon as we do not assume instantaneous adjustment of prices to their equilibrium values; if economic agents behave rationally, it must be replaced by a new concept, that of effective demand, introduced by Clower [9] taking into account quantity constraints as well as prices (the prototype of which is the consumption function). Further, interaction between individuals on the different markets gives rise not only to price adjustments (as in the standard Walrasian model), but to quantity adjustments very similar to the traditional dynamic multiplier, as described by Leijonhufvud [30] (the " income constrained process "). A number of authors have successfully used this approach to describe macro-economic phenomena within the framework of simple equilibrium models (Barro-Grossman [2] [3], Glustoff [15], Grossman [21] [22], Solow-Stiglitz [36]). However, these simplified formulations can handle no more than one or two goods in disequilibrium, and we would like here to reformulate the above concepts in the usual framework of General Equilibrium analysis.5 So in what follows we shall study a general exchange economy " A la Debreu " with money in disequilibrium (production can be incorporated in the analysis without difficulty: Benassy [4] [7]). In this framework we shall formalize the effective demand concept, define Keynesian equilibria and prove their existence. We shall also prove an important result of Keynesian analysis: at non-Walrasian prices, multiplier effects associated with the monetary structure of exchange are responsible for the " inefficiency " of many Keynesian
卡尔·皮尔逊的《科学语法》及其对漱石的影响
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
N. Karami;J. Iijima;A.Takahashi;椿 広計
通讯作者：
椿 広計