The genome of a Mesozoic paleovirus reveals the evolution of hepatitis B viruses
The genome of a Mesozoic paleovirus reveals the evolution of hepatitis B viruses
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms2798
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发表时间：
2013-04
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Alexander Suh;J. Brosius;J. Schmitz;J. Kriegs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alexander Suh;J. Brosius;J. Schmitz;J. Kriegs
古病毒学涉及真核基因组内古代内源病毒元件的鉴定。然而，由于宿主基因组中存在少量内源性序列，逆转录B型肝炎病毒的进化起源仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们报告了一个全面的基因组记录的B型肝炎病毒的内源性，跨越鸟类的进化从>82至<12.1 million years ago. The oldest virus relic extends over a 99% complete hepatitis B virus genome sequence and constitutes the first discovery of a Mesozoic paleovirus genome. We show that Hepadnaviridae are >63万年前比以前已知的，并提供直接证据的共存B型肝炎病毒和鸟类在中生代和新生代的时代。最后，系统发育分析和分布的B型肝炎病毒遗迹表明，鸟类可能是嗜肝DNA病毒科的祖先宿主和哺乳动物B型肝炎病毒可能出现后，鸟类-哺乳动物宿主转换。我们的研究揭示了以前未发现的和多方面的见解史前B型肝炎病毒的进化，并为未来的研究，如中生代嗜肝DNA病毒的体外复活提供了宝贵的资源。
Paleovirology involves the identification of ancient endogenous viral elements within eukaryotic genomes. The evolutionary origins of the reverse-transcribing hepatitis B viruses, however, remain elusive, due to the small number of endogenized sequences present in host genomes. Here we report a comprehensively dated genomic record of hepatitis B virus endogenizations that spans bird evolution from >82 to <12.1 million years ago. The oldest virus relic extends over a 99% complete hepatitis B virus genome sequence and constitutes the first discovery of a Mesozoic paleovirus genome. We show that Hepadnaviridae are >63 million years older than previously known and provide direct evidence for coexistence of hepatitis B viruses and birds during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras. Finally, phylogenetic analyses and distribution of hepatitis B virus relics suggest that birds potentially are the ancestral hosts of Hepadnaviridae and mammalian hepatitis B viruses probably emerged after a bird–mammal host switch. Our study reveals previously undiscovered and multi-faceted insights into prehistoric hepatitis B virus evolution and provides valuable resources for future studies, such asin-vitroresurrection of Mesozoic hepadnaviruses.