Processing of the Incentive for Social Approval in the Ventral Striatum during Charitable Donation
Processing of the Incentive for Social Approval in the Ventral Striatum during Charitable Donation
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DOI：
10.1162/jocn.2009.21228
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Sadato, Norihiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Izuma, Keise;Saito, Daisuke N.;Sadato, Norihiro
人类的行为不仅受到物质奖励的激励，也受到抽象的社会奖励的激励，比如他人的认可。当在社交场合选择一个行动时，为了评估每个行动，大脑必须将不同类型的奖励（如金钱或社会认可）转换为一个共同的尺度。在这里，我们使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）研究了这种估值计算的神经相关性，而个体在观察者在场或不在场的情况下自由决定是否向真实的慈善机构捐款或将钱据为己有。行为证据表明，观察者的存在增加了捐赠率，神经影像学结果显示，在同样的选择（“捐赠”或“不捐赠”）之前，腹侧纹状体的激活受到观察者的存在的显着调制。特别高的纹状体激活时，观察到一个高的社会回报预期（捐赠在公共场合），当有可能获得金钱收益而不付出社会成本（没有捐赠在没有观察员）。这些发现突出了这一领域在将社会和金钱奖励表示为“决策效用”方面的重要性，并增加了对大脑如何在社会情境中使用“共同神经货币”做出选择的理解。
Human behaviors are motivated not only by materialistic rewards but also by abstract social rewards, such as the approval of others. When choosing an action in social situations, to evaluate each action, the brain must convert different types of reward (such as money or social approval) into a common scale. Here using fMRI, we investigated the neural correlates of such valuation computations while individuals freely decided whether to donate to real charities or to take the money for themselves in the presence or absence of observers. Behavioral evidence showed that the mere presence of observers increased donation rates, and neuroimaging results revealed that activation in the ventral striatum before the same choice ("donate" or "not donate") was significantly modulated by the presence of observers. Particularly high striatal activations were observed when a high social reward was expected (donation in public) and when there was the potential for monetary gain without social cost (no donation in the absence of observers). These findings highlight the importance of this area in representing both social and monetary rewards as a "decision utility" and add to the understanding of how the brain makes a choice using a "common neural currency" in social situations.