Making “World-class Universities”: Japan's Experiment
Making “World-class Universities”: Japan's Experiment
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打造“世界一流大学”：日本的实验
DOI：
10.1787/hemp-v15-art10-en
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Akiyoshi Yonezawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Akiyoshi Yonezawa
实现世界一流大学是每个研究者和国家政府的梦想。然而，即使在高度发达的工业国家，制造它们并保持它们的地位也是困难的。因此，各国政府往往将财政投资集中在其顶尖大学，通常得到学术界主要成员的支持。目前尚不清楚的是，在任何一个国家，这种资助少数大学发展的做法是否真的是提高研究和发展质量的最有效办法。与韩国BK21计划的效果类似，当日本政府努力选择大约30所“顶级”大学时，研究人员之间的争议也很普遍。为了提供可持续的激励措施，促进问责制和促进机构间的竞争，国家政策必须以充实“旗舰大学”为目标，同时继续支持“普通”大学的知识基础设施。本文从研究者和政府两个角度分析了日本的“世界一流大学”政策。这一专题被视为大多数经合组织国家面临的一个问题。
The realization of world-class universities is a dream of every researcher and national government. However, making them and maintaining their status is difficult even in highly developed industrial countries. Consequently, national governments tend to concentrate financial investment in their top universities, usually with the support of leading members of the academic community. It is not clear that such sponsored development of a limited number of universities is truly the most efficient approach to enhancing the quality of research and development in any one country. Similar to the effect of Korea’s BK21 scheme, dispute among researchers was widespread when the Japanese government endeavoured to select around 30 “top” universities. In order to provide sustainable incentives, foster accountability and promote competition among institutions, national policies must aim for the enrichment of “flagship universities” while continuing to support the knowledge infrastructure for “ordinary” ones. This article analyses Japanese “World-Class Universities” policies from the perspectives of both researchers and the national government. This topic is treated as an issue facing most OECD countries.