A primer for use of genetic tools in selecting and testing the suitability of set-aside sites protected from deep-sea seafloor massive sulfide mining activities
A primer for use of genetic tools in selecting and testing the suitability of set-aside sites protected from deep-sea seafloor massive sulfide mining activities
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.01.007
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Swaddling, Alison
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boschen, Rachel E.;Collins, Patrick C.;Swaddling, Alison
海底块状硫化物（SMS）开采可能在不久的将来发生在热液系统中。除了丰富的矿产资源外，SMS矿床还具有相当大的生物价值。活跃的SMS沉积物拥有特有的热液喷口群落，而不活跃的沉积物支持深水珊瑚和其他悬浮捕食者的群落。采矿活动预计将清除邻近地区的所有大型生物和适宜栖息地，使喷口特有生物特别面临栖息地丧失和局部灭绝的危险。作为旨在减轻采矿影响的环境管理战略的一部分，海底区域需要得到保护，以保护矿区失去的生物多样性，并保护支持周围地区喷口动物种群之间连通性的社区。这些“预留”区域需要在生物学上与矿区相似，并适当地连接起来（主要是通过运送幼虫），以确保剩余种群之间的遗传物质交换。对环境管理人员来说，建立适当的预留区可能是一项艰巨的任务，但是遗传方法的应用可以帮助预留区识别、适宜性评价和监测。有许多可用的遗传工具，包括线粒体DNA （mtDNA）序列分析（例如COI或其他合适的mtDNA基因）和适当的核DNA标记（例如微卫星，单核苷酸多态性），环境DNA （eDNA）技术和微生物宏基因组学。当与传统的生物调查技术结合使用时，这些工具可以帮助识别物种，评估种群之间的遗传连通性和评估群落的多样性。讨论了如何将这些技术应用于搁置决策，并针对搁置位点的遗传特征提出了建议。环境监管机构的核对表形成了一份指南，以帮助对使用遗传工具进行预留设计和评估的适用性做出决策。这份非技术入门文档代表了VentBase 2014研讨会参与者的观点。(C) 2016年作者。Elsevier Ltd.出版。这是一篇基于CC BY-NC-ND许可（http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）的开放获取文章。
Seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) mining will likely occur at hydrothermal systems in the near future. Alongside their mineral wealth, SMS deposits also have considerable biological value. Active SMS deposits host endemic hydrothermal vent communities, whilst inactive deposits support communities of deep water corals and other suspension feeders. Mining activities are expected to remove all large organisms and suitable habitat in the immediate area, making vent endemic organisms particularly at risk from habitat loss and localised extinction. As part of environmental management strategies designed to mitigate the effects of mining, areas of seabed need to be protected to preserve biodiversity that is lost at the mine site and to preserve communities that support connectivity among populations of vent animals in the surrounding region. These "set-aside" areas need to be biologically similar to the mine site and be suitably connected, mostly by transport of larvae, to neighbouring sites to ensure exchange of genetic material among remaining populations. Establishing suitable set-asides can be a formidable task for environmental managers, however the application of genetic approaches can aid set-aside identification, suitability assessment and monitoring. There are many genetic tools available, including analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences (e.g. COI or other suitable mtDNA genes) and appropriate nuclear DNA markers (e.g. microsatellites, single nucleotide polymorphisms), environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques and microbial metagenomics. When used in concert with traditional biological survey techniques, these tools can help to identify species, assess the genetic connectivity among populations and assess the diversity of communities. How these techniques can be applied to set-aside decision making is discussed and recommendations are made for the genetic characteristics of set-aside sites. A checklist for environmental regulators forms a guide to aid decision making on the suitability of set-aside design and assessment using genetic tools. This non-technical primer document represents the views of participants in the VentBase 2014 workshop. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).