From regenerative dentistry to regenerative medicine: progress, challenges, and potential applications of oral stem cells.
From regenerative dentistry to regenerative medicine: progress, challenges, and potential applications of oral stem cells.
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DOI：
10.2147/sccaa.s51009
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nasu M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xiao L;Nasu M
成体间充质干细胞（MSC）和上皮干细胞在组织修复和自我愈合中发挥重要作用。口腔MSC和上皮干细胞可以从成人口腔组织例如牙齿、牙周韧带和牙龈分离。成体口腔上皮干细胞与间充质干细胞共培养后，可发生上皮内陷和管状结构形成等发育过程，具有组织再生的潜能。口腔上皮干细胞已被用于再生医学超过10年。它们能够在三维培养条件下形成分层的细胞片层。实验和临床数据表明，细胞片不仅可以安全有效地重建人类受损的角膜，而且可以修复动物模型中的食管溃疡。口腔MSC包括牙髓干细胞（DPSC）、来自脱落乳牙的干细胞（SHED）、来自根尖乳头的干细胞（SCAP）、牙周韧带干细胞（PDLSC）和来自牙龈的间充质干细胞（GMSC）。它们广泛应用于再生牙科和医学。DPSCs、SHED和SCAP在移植到免疫缺陷动物体内时能够形成牙本质-牙髓复合体。在动物模型中，它们已被实验性地用于牙髓、神经元、骨骼肌和血管的再生，并显示出有希望的结果。PDLSCs和GMSCs被证明是修复牙周、肌肉和肌腱损伤组织的理想细胞来源。尽管口腔干细胞的上述应用，只有少数人类临床试验正在进行中，使用它们来治疗某些疾病。由于临床使用是最终目标，因此需要进一步检查其真正的再生能力和安全性。
Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and epithelial stem cells play essential roles in tissue repair and self-healing. Oral MSCs and epithelial stem cells can be isolated from adult human oral tissues, for example, teeth, periodontal ligament, and gingiva. Cocultivated adult oral epithelial stem cells and MSCs could represent some developmental events, such as epithelial invagination and tubular structure formation, signifying their potentials for tissue regeneration. Oral epithelial stem cells have been used in regenerative medicine over 1 decade. They are able to form a stratified cell sheet under three-dimensional culture conditions. Both experimental and clinical data indicate that the cell sheets can not only safely and effectively reconstruct the damaged cornea in humans, but also repair esophageal ulcer in animal models. Oral MSCs include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells from gingiva (GMSCs). They are widely applied in both regenerative dentistry and medicine. DPSCs, SHED, and SCAP are able to form dentin–pulp complex when being transplanted into immunodeficient animals. They have been experimentally used for the regeneration of dental pulp, neuron, bone muscle and blood vessels in animal models and have shown promising results. PDLSCs and GMSCs are demonstrated to be ideal cell sources for repairing the damaged tissues of periodontal, muscle, and tendon. Despite the abovementioned applications of oral stem cells, only a few human clinical trials are now underway to use them for the treatment of certain diseases. Since clinical use is the end goal, their true regenerative power and safety need to be further examined.