Domestication of cattle: Two or three events?
Domestication of cattle: Two or three events?
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DOI：
10.1111/eva.12674
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Orozco-terWengel, Pablo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pitt, Daniel;Sevane, Natalia;Orozco-terWengel, Pablo
自1万多年前最早驯化牛以来，在欧洲、亚洲和非洲的大部分地区，人类社会从游牧狩猎采集者向定居农业社区的过渡中，牛起到了不可估量的作用。虽然目前对祖先种群之间的关系的了解仍然有限，但人们认为牛的驯化发生了两到三次，产生了牛磺酸（Bos taurus）和籼稻（Bos indicus）物种，它们与原牛（Bos primigenius）共同拥有25万年前的共同祖先。籼牛和牛磺酸牛分别在印度河流域和新月沃地驯化；然而，也有人提出了牛磺酸在埃及西部沙漠的另一个驯化事件。我们分析了3196个个体的中密度Illumina牛SNP阵列（类似于54,000个位点）数据，代表180个牛磺酸和药物群体，研究群体内部和群体之间的群体结构，以及使用近似贝叶斯计算（ABC）的驯化和人口动态。两种驯化事件模型和三种驯化事件模型之间的对比分析一致支持只有两种驯化事件的模型，并表明通常在非洲牛磺酸牛中检测到的额外遗传变异成分可能是在新月沃地牛磺酸牛驯化后与非洲当地野牛杂交的结果。由于最近的分化，非洲籼牛与亚洲籼牛表现出高度的共同遗传变异，而与非洲牛磺酸牛则表现出相对较近的基因流动。欧洲牛磺酸牛和亚洲籼牛之间单向或双向迁移事件的情况也是合理的，尽管需要进一步的研究来解开复杂的人类介导的家牛分散模式。因此，这项研究有助于澄清过去人口统计历史对现代牛遗传变异的影响，为进一步分析探索早期家畜种群的替代迁徙路线提供基础。
Cattle have been invaluable for the transition of human society from nomadic hunter-gatherers to sedentary farming communities throughout much of Europe, Asia and Africa since the earliest domestication of cattle more than 10,000 years ago. Although current understanding of relationships among ancestral populations remains limited, domestication of cattle is thought to have occurred on two or three occasions, giving rise to the taurine (Bos taurus) and indicine (Bos indicus) species that share the aurochs (Bos primigenius) as common ancestor similar to 250,000 years ago. Indicine and taurine cattle were domesticated in the Indus Valley and Fertile Crescent, respectively; however, an additional domestication event for taurine in the Western Desert of Egypt has also been proposed. We analysed medium density Illumina Bovine SNP array (similar to 54,000 loci) data across 3,196 individuals, representing 180 taurine and indicine populations to investigate population structure within and between populations, and domestication and demographic dynamics using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). Comparative analyses between scenarios modelling two and three domestication events consistently favour a model with only two episodes and suggest that the additional genetic variation component usually detected in African taurine cattle may be explained by hybridization with local aurochs in Africa after the domestication of taurine cattle in the Fertile Crescent. African indicine cattle exhibit high levels of shared genetic variation with Asian indicine cattle due to their recent divergence and with African taurine cattle through relatively recent gene flow. Scenarios with unidirectional or bidirectional migratory events between European taurine and Asian indicine cattle are also plausible, although further studies are needed to disentangle the complex human-mediated dispersion patterns of domestic cattle. This study therefore helps to clarify the effect of past demographic history on the genetic variation of modern cattle, providing a basis for further analyses exploring alternative migratory routes for early domestic populations.