Reverse Island Effects and the Backward Search for a Licensor in Multiple Wh-Questions
Reverse Island Effects and the Backward Search for a Licensor in Multiple Wh-Questions
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9612.2011.00153.x
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Kluender, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sprouse, Jon;Fukuda, Shin;Kluender, Robert
本文报道了一系列正式的可接受性判断实验，旨在调查英语中一种相对较少研究的wh依附类型：多wh疑问句的句法特征。通过使用只有通过正式实验才能获得的岛屿效应的因子定义，我们报告了一个不可预测的可接受性模式，这表明在多个wh-疑问句中是否和附属岛屿存在反向岛屿效应，但对于主语和中国石油天然气集团公司岛屿则不存在。我们认为，这种不可预测的影响可以通过考虑到实时理解英语中的多个wh-疑问句所必需的句法分析过程来分析。我们认为，多个wh-疑问句需要向后搜索先行词，这在许多方面类似于正向搜索英语单个wh-疑问句中出现的空位(Frazier&Clifton)。然后，我们提供了英语和日语的附加可接受性判断实验，以检验反向搜索分析的预测。
This paper reports a series of formal acceptability-judgment experiments designed to investigate the syntactic properties of a relatively understudied type of wh-dependency: multiple wh-questions in English. By using a factorial definition of island effects made available only by formal experiments, we report an unpredicted pattern of acceptability that suggests the existence of reverse island effects for whether and adjunct islands inside of multiple wh-questions, but not for subject and CNPC islands. We argue that this unpredicted effect can best be analyzed by taking into account the parsing processes that are necessary for real-time comprehension of multiple wh-questions in English. We propose that multiple wh-questions require a backward search for an antecedent that is in many ways similar to the forward search for a gap site that occurs in single wh-questions in English (Frazier & Clifton 1989). We then present additional acceptability-judgment experiments in both English and Japanese to test the predictions of the backward-search analysis.