Lexical Semantics and Irregular Inflection.
Lexical Semantics and Irregular Inflection.
复制标题
词汇语义和不规则变化。
DOI：
10.1080/01690961003589476
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pinker,Steven
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang,YiTing;Pinker,Steven
一个词是否有不规则的词形变化并不仅仅取决于它的发音：comparelie-lay（斜倚）和lie-lied（搪塞）。形态学理论，特别是联结主义和符号模型，不同意哪些非音系因素负责。我们测试了四种可能性：（1）词汇效应，其中两个词元的不同在于它们是否指定不规则形式;（2）语义效应，其中单词的语义特征变得与规则或不规则形式相关联;（3）形态结构效应，其中具有无头结构的单词（例如，源自名词的动词）阻止对所存储的不规则形式的访问;以及（4）组合性效应，其中所存储的不规则单词的含义的组合（例如，动词的固有体）与词形变化的含义（例如，pastness）并不容易转移到新的意义与不同的组合，这些意义。在四个实验中，发言者提出了现有的和新的动词，并要求评价他们的过去时态形式，语义相似性，语法结构，和方面的相似性。我们发现：（1）语义相似性和语音相似性之间的相互作用，与已报道的类比已知动词和暗示词汇效应的策略一致;（2）语义相似性的弱和不一致效应;（3）形态结构的强效应;（4）体组合的强效应。结果与调用词条和形态结构的语言理论是一致的，并区分规则和不规则动词的存储模式。他们还提出了心理语言学过程如何在历史上塑造词汇结构。
Whether a word has an irregular inflection does not depend on its sound alone: comparelie-lay(recline) andlie-lied(prevaricate). Theories of morphology, particularly connectionist and symbolic models, disagree on which nonphonological factors are responsible. We test four possibilities: (1) lexical effects, in which two lemmas differ in whether they specify an irregular form; (2) semantic effects, in which the semantic features of a word become associated with regular or irregular forms; (3) morphological structure effects, in which a word with a headless structure (e.g., a verb derived from a noun) blocks access to a stored irregular form; and (4) compositionality effects, in which the stored combination of an irregular word's meaning (e.g., the verb's inherent aspect) with the meaning of the inflection (e.g., pastness) doesn't readily transfer to new senses with different combinations of such meanings. In four experiments, speakers were presented with existing and novel verbs and asked to rate their past-tense forms, semantic similarities, grammatical structure, and aspectual similarities. We found: (1) an interaction between semantic and phonological similarity, coinciding with reported strategies of analogising to known verbs and implicating lexical effects; (2) weak and inconsistent effects of semantic similarity; (3) robust effects of morphological structure; and (4) robust effects of aspectual compositionality. Results are consistent with theories of language that invoke lexical entries and morphological structure, and which differentiate the mode of storage of regular and irregular verbs. They also suggest how psycholinguistic processes have shaped vocabulary structure over history.