Host immune responses against Cryptosporidium
Host immune responses against Cryptosporidium
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DOI：
10.1159/000060371
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bancroft, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McDonald, V;Smith, R;Bancroft, G
近20年来，细小隐孢子虫被认为是人类和兽医学中的一种重要病原体，但直到20世纪90年代初，很少有研究直接探讨免疫机制和t细胞在控制感染中的作用。我们对宿主对细小梭菌感染反应的了解大多来自于对非灵长类宿主的调查，但动物感染模型的研究进展在一定程度上受到出生后早期获得的与年龄相关的感染难耐性的影响[1,2]。这种抗性在小鼠和大鼠中均有发现，但在先天性免疫功能低下或在使用药物或消耗免疫系统成分的抗体治疗后免疫抑制的成年啮齿动物中，或在免疫抑制病毒感染后，很容易诱导感染[参考文献3]。小鼠对小弧菌的免疫研究通常使用免疫能力强的幼鼠，或者，也可以选择先天性免疫功能低下的动物，这些动物可以通过注射免疫能力强的淋巴细胞在免疫上“恢复”。另一种方法是利用胃寄生虫隐孢子虫感染具有免疫能力的成年啮齿动物，这些宿主可以为实验研究提供足够数量的淋巴细胞或血清。
Cryptosporidium parvum has been recognised as a significant pathogen in human and veterinary medicine for nearly 20 years, but until the early 1990s few studies had addressed directly immune mechanisms and the role of T-cells in the control of infection. Most of our knowledge of host responses to C. parvum infection has been gathered from investigations with non-primate hosts, but progress in the study of animal infection models has been impaired to some extent by the acquisition early after birth of an age-related refractoriness to infection [1, 2]. This resistance is found in both mice and rats, but infections can be readily induced in adult rodents which are congenitally immunocompromised or have been immunosuppressed following treatment either with drugs or with antibodies which deplete components of the immune system, or following immunosuppressive viral infection [reviewed in ref. 3]. Murine studies of immunity to C. parvum commonly employ pups of immunocompetent strains or, alternatively, congenitally immunocompromised animals which may be immunologically ‘restored’by injection with immunocompetent lymphocytes. An alternative approach has been to employ the gastric parasite Cryptosporidium muris to infect adult immunocompetent rodents and these hosts can provide adequate numbers of lymphocytes or amounts of sera for experimental investigation [4].