Looking and thinking when driving: The impact of gaze and cognitive load on steering
Looking and thinking when driving: The impact of gaze and cognitive load on steering
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DOI：
10.1016/j.trf.2015.07.012
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Merat, Natasha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kountouriotis, Georgios K.;Wilkie, Richard M.;Merat, Natasha
高速转弯驾驶是许多人每天都会执行的任务，但转向控制的基本机制仍然很大程度上未知。先前的研究表明，转向时，注视方向可能是成功的关键因素。然而，随着车载信息系统 (IVIS) 使用的增加，对驾驶所需的相同资源（注视以及相关的注意力资源）的竞争日益激烈。尽管有人认为运动转向是一项自动任务，可以在不依赖有意识的“认知”控制的情况下执行，但更简单的运动相关任务，例如判断一个人的方向，已被证明受到并发注意力任务的影响（Wann，Swapp，＆Rushton，2000）。在这里，我们检查了放置在偏移注视点的注意力任务是否会影响计算机模拟道路上的并发转向性能。实验要么使用与现实世界路标具有相似属性的注视点（即相对于车辆移动），要么更类似于 IVIS（即固定在车辆上）。结果表明，注视偏离未来路径的注视会导致系统性的转向偏差。认知负荷的程度或类型不会改变转向偏差的程度，但有一些证据表明，在观看 IVIS 型显示器时，车道可变性有所下降。不同类型的认知任务之间没有发现转向性能存在差异。我们的结论是，您看向的地方对于安全驾驶至关重要，而 IVIS 型显示器可能会使驾驶员更容易受到认知干扰。 (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Driving around bends at high speeds is a task performed by many on a daily basis but the underlying mechanisms of steering control remain largely unknown. Previous research has shown that when steering, gaze direction can be a critical component of success. However, with increased use of in-vehicle information systems (IVIS), there is growing competition over the same resources that are needed to steer (gaze as well as associated attentional resources). Although it can be argued that locomotor steering is an automatic task that can be performed without recourse to conscious "cognitive" control, much simpler locomotor-related tasks, such as judging one's heading, have been shown to be affected by concurrent attentional tasks (Wann, Swapp, & Rushton, 2000). Here we examined whether an attentional task placed at an offset fixation point influenced concurrent steering performance along a computer simulated road. The experiments either used gaze-fixation points that had similar properties to real-world road signs (i.e. moved relative to the vehicle) or were more akin to IVIS (i.e. fixed to the vehicle). Results showed that gaze fixation eccentric to future path caused systematic steering biases. The degree or type of cognitive load did not change the degree of steering bias, but there was some evidence of decreased lane variability when viewing the IVIS-type displays. No differences in steering performance were found between the different types of cognitive task. We conclude that where you look is critical for safe driving, and IVIS-type displays might make drivers more susceptible to cognitive interference. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.