Regional value chains in the Global South: governance implications for producers and workers?
Regional value chains in the Global South: governance implications for producers and workers?
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全球南方的区域价值链：对生产者和工人的治理影响？
DOI：
10.1093/cjres/rsac009
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Barrientos S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barrientos S
从1980年代开始，全球价值链的早期扩张有一个明显的动态，涉及为全球北方的高收入消费者服务的跨国公司从全球南方的低工资国家采购各种消费品。我们现在正目睹区域价值链和国内价值链的扩张。1有些是由北美和欧洲的跨国公司领导的，这些公司参与了重新支撑或接近支撑其采购，以避免外部供应链冲击的风险。但区域化也由非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲的公司领导，这些公司协调采购，包括在其宏观区域内。从表面上看，在牵头公司治理和协调方面，区域价值链遵循与全球价值链类似的动态，但具有更密切的地域和机构联系。关于全球价值链治理对全球南方生产者和工人的影响，已经写了很多文章（Barrientos，2019; Gereffi，2005）。在这里，我探讨了全球南方的RVC和DVC（通常与GVC重叠）如何重新配置私人和公共治理以及对生产者和工人的影响。我重点关注撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA），该地区在全球价值链分析中经常被忽视（除了重要的例外），这是根据2019年至2022年间在肯尼亚、南非、斯威士兰和莱索托进行的服装和园艺RVC/DVC的“转向南方”研究得出的。[2]我借鉴了对全球价值链和全球生产网络的分析，为简洁起见，主要使用“全球价值链”。首先，价值链区域化长期以来一直是全球南方的一种趋势，导致全球价值链和区域价值链重叠，这些价值链也与国内市场相交--这一过程因外部冲击而加剧（而不是产生）。其次，在全球南方国家政府开始提供更大的价值链监督的背景下，需要重新审视对私人和公共治理的分析。第三，RVC/DVC的扩张对生产者和工人的结果好坏参半--但公共价值链治理很重要--新冠肺炎进一步强化了这一过程。
Early expansion of global value chains (GVCs) from the 1980s had a clear dynamic involving multinational companies (MNCs) serving high-income consumers in the Global North sourcing a wide range of consumer goods from low-wage countries in the Global South. We are now witnessing a move towards expansion of regional value chains (RVCs) and domestic value chains (DVCs). 1 Some are led by North American and European MNCs involved in re-shoring or near-shoring their sourcing to avoid risks of external supply chain shocks. But regionalisation is also being led by firms within Africa, Asia and Latin America that coordinate sourcing, including from within their macro-regions. On the surface, RVCs follow similar dynamics to GVCs in terms of lead firm governance and coordination, but with closer geographic and institutional linkages. Much has been written on the implications of GVC governance for producers and workers in the Global South (Barrientos, 2019; Gereffi, 2005). Here, I explore how RVCs and DVCs (that often overlap with GVCs) in the Global South are reconfiguring private and public governance and implications for producers and workers. I focus on sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), often overlooked in GVC analysis (with important exceptions), informed by Shifting South research on garment and horticulture RVC/DVCs in Kenya, South Africa, Eswatini and Lesotho undertaken between 2019 and 2022. 2 I draw on analysis of GVCs and global production networks (GPNs), mainly using ‘GVC’for brevity.This commentary is structured around three key arguments. First, regionalisation of value chains has long been a trend in the Global South, leading to overlapping GVCs and RVCs that also intersect with domestic markets—a process intensified (rather than generated) by external shocks. Second, analysis of private and public governance needs revisiting in a context where governments in the Global South are beginning to provide greater value chain oversight. Third, expansion of RVCs/DVCs has mixed outcomes for producers and workers—but public value chain governance matters—a process further intensified by Covid-19.