Electrical resistance sensors record spring flow timing, Grand Canyon, Arizona
Electrical resistance sensors record spring flow timing, Grand Canyon, Arizona
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00223.x
复制
发表时间：
2006-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Bills, Donald J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adams, Eric A.;Monroe, Stephen A.;Bills, Donald J.
亚利桑那州大峡谷南缘的泉水是大峡谷国家公园重要的生态和文化资源，也是可可尼诺高原地区和当地含水层的排泄点。这项研究评估了电阻(ER)传感器在测量南缘陡峭、多岩的泉水支流中扩散、低水位(<；1.0厘米)间歇性和短暂水流的适用性。使用ER传感器对大峡谷三条泉水支流的8个站点的泉水流量计时进行了基线调查。传感器被安装在一个泉口几乎垂直的岩壁上，并安装在冲积和基岩渠道中。ER传感器推断的春季径流计时数据与现场考察期间的观测结果一致，流量事件是用配置的径流测量站和当地降雨量计记录的。ER传感器能够区分沿着几乎垂直的岩石表面是否存在水流，水流深度在0.3到1.0厘米之间。实验室实验证实了传感器监测不透水表面扩散流时间的能力。对河流河段和泉水的水流模式进行了比较，确定了常年和间歇性水流的时间和位置，以及蒸散量增加的时期。
Springs along the south rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, are important ecological and cultural resources in Grand Canyon National Park and are discharge points for regional and local aquifers of the Coconino Plateau. This study evaluated the applicability of electrical resistance (ER) sensors for measuring diffuse, low-stage (< 1.0 cm) intermittent and ephemeral flow in the steep, rocky spring-fed tributaries of the south rim. ER sensors were used to conduct a baseline survey of spring flow timing at eight sites in three spring-fed tributaries in Grand Canyon. Sensors were attached to a nearly vertical rock wall at a spring outlet and were installed in alluvial and bedrock channels. Spring flow timing data inferred by the ER sensors were consistent with observations during site visits, with flow events recorded with collocated streamflow gauging stations and with local precipitation gauges. ER sensors were able to distinguish the presence of flow along nearly vertical rock surfaces with flow depths between 0.3 and 1.0 cm. Laboratory experiments confirmed the ability of the sensors to monitor the timing of diffuse flow on impervious surfaces. A comparison of flow patterns along the stream reaches and at springs identified the timing and location of perennial and intermittent flow, and periods of increased evapotranspiration.