Transitioning from a Human Right to an Infrastructure Service: Water, Wastewater, and Displaced Persons in Germany
Transitioning from a Human Right to an Infrastructure Service: Water, Wastewater, and Displaced Persons in Germany
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从人权转向基础设施服务：德国的水、废水和流离失所者
DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.7b03594
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Faust, Kasey M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaminsky, Jessica A.;Faust, Kasey M.
欧洲各地的供水和卫生设施最近受到挑战，无法为逃离复杂人道主义灾难的寻求庇护者和难民提供服务。我们探讨公众的看法如何二次灾害的影响（大规模迁移到一个未受损的地区）影响了公用事业。我们表明，收容人口通常愿意在一段时间内为流离失所者提供水和卫生设施服务，即使流离失所者无力支付（水和卫生设施是人权）。然而，随着时间的推移，流离失所者最终要为获得（水和卫生设施作为基础设施服务）付费。通过对德国居民的调查数据进行统计建模，我们发现，2016年德国的这一转变的平均时间为2.9年。这些数据还显示了影响这一时间框架的具有统计意义的人口和地点属性，表明从权利到服务的正常过渡时间长短取决于具体情况。无论如何，这是一个重要的时间段，公众期望公用事业提供服务的意外流离失所者。为了能够满足这种需求，公用事业公司、工程师和政策制定者必须在其定期的长期公用事业规划中考虑流离失所人口的潜力。
Water and sanitation utilities across Europe have recently been challenged to provide services to asylum seekers and refugees fleeing complex humanitarian disasters. We explore public perceptions regarding how secondary disaster impacts (mass migration into an undamaged area) has impacted the utilities. We show that the hosting population is typically willing to provide water and sanitation services to displaced persons for a set period of time, even if the displaced persons are unable to pay (water and sanitation as human rights). However, as time passes, displaced persons are eventually expected to pay for access (water and sanitation as infrastructure services). Drawing from statistical modeling of survey data from German residents, we find the average length of time for this transition in 2016 Germany was 2.9 years. The data also show statistically significant demographic and locational attributes that influence this time frame, indicating the normative length of the transition from a right to a service is contextually dependent. Regardless, this is a significant period of time that the public expects utilities to provide services to unexpected displaced persons. To be able to meet this kind of demand, utilities, engineers, and policy makers must consider the potential for displaced populations in their regular, long-range utility planning.