Continuous Monitoring and Future Projection of Ocean Warming, Acidification, and Deoxygenation on the Subarctic Coast of Hokkaido, Japan
Continuous Monitoring and Future Projection of Ocean Warming, Acidification, and Deoxygenation on the Subarctic Coast of Hokkaido, Japan
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2021.590020
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发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Fujii;S. Takao;Takuto Yamaka;T. Akamatsu;Y. Fujita;M. Wakita;A. Yamamoto;T. Ono
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Fujii;S. Takao;Takuto Yamaka;T. Akamatsu;Y. Fujita;M. Wakita;A. Yamamoto;T. Ono
随着海洋吸收过量的人为二氧化碳和海洋酸化的进行，海洋钙化生物（如贝类）被认为更难形成由碳酸钙组成的骨骼和外壳。最近的研究表明，各种海洋生物，包括钙化生物和非钙化生物，将受到海洋变暖和脱氧的不利影响。然而，无论其对钙化的影响，影响海洋酸化和脱氧的参数的时空变异性尚未阐明在日本的亚北极海岸。本研究首次对日本北海道亚北极海岸的物理和海洋地球化学参数进行了连续监测和未来预测。结果表明，冬季pH值和溶解氧（DO）浓度高于夏季，水温是影响湖泊水化学参数季节变化的主要因素。日波动主要受初级生产者白天光合作用和海洋生物夜间呼吸作用的影响，且白天波动大于夜间。我们的预测结果表明，如果没有雄心勃勃的减少CO2和其他温室气体排放的承诺，如遵循巴黎协定，海洋变暖和酸化对沿着亚北极海岸钙化生物的影响将变得严重，夏季超过3个月的高温临界水平，冬季中期接近2个月的碳酸钙低饱和状态临界水平，分别在本世纪末。假设未来溶解氧浓度的日波动与目前相似，则脱氧的影响往往可能是突出的。研究结果还表明，当地沿海产业，特别是渔业，如改变水产养殖方式的适应战略的重要性。
As the ocean absorbs excessive anthropogenic CO2 and ocean acidification proceeds, it is thought to be harder for marine calcifying organisms, such as shellfish, to form their skeletons and shells made of calcium carbonate. Recent studies have suggested that various marine organisms, both calcifiers and non-calcifiers, will be affected adversely by ocean warming and deoxygenation. However, regardless of their effects on calcifiers, the spatiotemporal variability of parameters affecting ocean acidification and deoxygenation has not been elucidated in the subarctic coasts of Japan. This study conducted the first continuous monitoring and future projection of physical and biogeochemical parameters of the subarctic coast of Hokkaido, Japan. Our results show that the seasonal change in biogeochemical parameters, with higher pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in winter than in summer, was primarily regulated by water temperature. The daily fluctuations, which were higher in the daytime than at night, were mainly affected by daytime photosynthesis by primary producers and respiration by marine organisms at night. Our projected results suggest that, without ambitious commitment to reducing CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions, such as by following the Paris Agreement, the impact of ocean warming and acidification on calcifiers along subarctic coasts will become serious, exceeding the critical level of high temperature for 3 months in summer and being close to the critical level of low saturation state of calcium carbonate for 2 months in mid-winter, respectively, by the end of this century. The impact of deoxygenation might often be prominent assuming that the daily fluctuation in DO concentration in the future is similar to that at present. The results also suggest the importance of adaptation strategies by local coastal industries, especially fisheries, such as modifying aquaculture styles.