A High-Performance and Energy-Efficient FIR Adaptive Filter Using Approximate Distributed Arithmetic Circuits
A High-Performance and Energy-Efficient FIR Adaptive Filter Using Approximate Distributed Arithmetic Circuits
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DOI：
10.1109/tcsi.2018.2856513
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Han, Jie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiang, Honglan;Liu, Leibo;Han, Jie
在本文中，提出了使用近似分布式算术（DA）电路提出的固定点有限脉冲响应自适应滤波器。在此设计中，尽管没有明确执行乘法，但使用Radix-8展位算法来减少DA体系结构中的部分产品数量。此外，部分产品通过以错误补偿截断输入数据而近似生成。为了进一步降低硬件成本，考虑到部分产品的积累，考虑了一棵近似的华莱士树。结果，拟议设计的延迟，面积和功耗大大减少。使用48-TAP带通滤波器和103-TAP高通滤波器应用系统识别的应用表明，近似设计的精度与其准确的对应物相似。与使用加法树中的比特级修剪（称为延迟的最小平方正方形（DLMS）设计）相比，它具有较低的稳态平方误差和较小的标准化错位。合成结果表明，与精确设计相比，所提出的设计平均每次操作能量（EPO）的能量平均减少了55％，每个区域的吞吐量为3.2倍。此外，与DLMS设计相比，提议的设计可实现45％-61％的EPO。使用拟议的基于自适应滤波器的小脑模型的saccadic系统可实现与使用精确过滤器相似的视网膜滑动。这些结果对于将近似电路的大规模整合到高性能和节能系统中是有希望的。
In this paper, a fixed-point finite impulse response adaptive filter is proposed using approximate distributed arithmetic (DA) circuits. In this design, the radix-8 Booth algorithm is used to reduce the number of partial products in the DA architecture, although no multiplication is explicitly performed. In addition, the partial products are approximately generated by truncating the input data with an error compensation. To further reduce hardware costs, an approximate Wallace tree is considered for the accumulation of partial products. As a result, the delay, area, and power consumption of the proposed design are significantly reduced. The application of system identification using a 48-tap bandpass filter and a 103-tap high-pass filter shows that the approximate design achieves a similar accuracy as its accurate counterpart. Compared with the state-of-the-art adaptive filter using bit-level pruning in the adder tree (referred to as the delayed least mean square (DLMS) design), it has a lower steady-state mean squared error and a smaller normalized misalignment. Synthesis results show that the proposed design attains on average a 55% reduction in energy per operation (EPO) and a 3.2x throughput per area compared with an accurate design. Moreover, the proposed design achieves 45%-61% lower EPO compared with the DLMS design. A saccadic system using the proposed approximate adaptive filter based cerebellar model achieves a similar retinal slip as using an accurate filter. These results are promising for the large-scale integration of approximate circuits into high-performance and energy-efficient systems for error-resilient applications.