Reactive oxygen species in plants: their generation, signal transduction, and scavenging mechanisms
Reactive oxygen species in plants: their generation, signal transduction, and scavenging mechanisms
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发表时间：
2011-06
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通讯作者：
T. Karuppanapandian;Jun-Cheol Moon;Changsoo Kim;K. Manoharan;Wook Kim
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作者：
T. Karuppanapandian;Jun-Cheol Moon;Changsoo Kim;K. Manoharan;Wook Kim
活性氧（ROS）是植物正常细胞代谢的副产物，但在胁迫条件下，产生和消除之间的平衡被打破。ROS迅速破坏酶，破坏植物中重要的细胞器，并通过诱导色素、蛋白质、脂质和核酸的降解来破坏膜，最终导致细胞死亡。除了降解大分子外，ROS还在植物的信号转导途径中作为一种可扩散的信号，并在植物的各种发育途径中作为第二信使。植物拥有一套复杂的酶和非酶抗氧化防御系统，可以保护细胞免受氧化损伤和有害的ROS，这些ROS产生的量超过了各种代谢反应通常所需的量。ROS在需氧生物中产生的机制知之甚少。本文综述了ROS的产生、起源、在信号转导和细胞死亡中的作用，以及植物在不同发育途径中抗氧化防御系统对ROS的清除。
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a by-product of normal cell metabolism in plants; however, under stress conditions, the balance between production and elimination is disturbed. ROS rapidly inactivate enzymes, damage vital cellular organelles in plants, and destroy membranes by inducing the degradation of pigments, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids which ultimately results in cell death. In addition to degrading macromolecules, ROS act as a diffusible signal in signal transduction pathways and also as a secondary messenger in various developmental pathways in plants. Plants possess a complex battery of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defense systems that can protect cells from oxidative damage and scavenge harmful ROS that are produced in excess of those normally required for various metabolic reactions. The mechanism by which ROS is generated in aerobic organisms is poorly understood. This review paper describes the generation, origin, and role of ROS in signal transduction and cell death, and the removal of ROS by antioxidative defense systems in plants during various developmental pathways.