Informal settlement upgrading and safety: experiences from Cape Town, South Africa
Informal settlement upgrading and safety: experiences from Cape Town, South Africa
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DOI：
10.1007/s10901-016-9523-4
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Gubevu, Mntungwa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brown-Luthango, Mercy;Reyes, Elena;Gubevu, Mntungwa
非正规住区居民不成比例地受到健康不良、暴力和许多其他社会经济挑战的影响。这些问题在很大程度上与他们生活的不健康和不安全的物质条件有关。通过提供有形基础设施的建筑形式的干预措施已被提议作为改善非正规住区居民的经济、社会和健康成果的战略，也被提议作为解决暴力和不安全问题的工具，这在南方许多城市已达到前所未有的程度。虽然改善贫民窟居民的生活条件是一个明确的理由，但对于究竟什么是改造、改造的最适当方法和途径以及改造干预措施的目标和预期成果应该是什么，仍然存在很多争论和不确定性。本文试图通过比较三个升级项目，每个项目都使用一种特定的方法和途径，以及它们对受益人安全感的影响，来阐明升级干预的复杂性。研究结果表明，物质条件的改善和一整套基本服务对于改善非正规住区居民的生活条件、减少脆弱性和提高其安全性绝对至关重要。但这些需要得到社会和经济方案的支持，以便切实改善人民的生活环境。然而，对这三个地点的研究表明，在失业率高、教育水平低和打破贫穷循环的机会有限的情况下，由于缺乏旨在解决导致和维持高暴力和犯罪率的结构性因素的有针对性的方案，改善措施的长期影响和可持续性有限。
Informal settlement dwellers are disproportionately affected by ill health, violence and many other socio-economic challenges. These are largely connected to the unhealthy and unsafe physical conditions within which they live. Interventions in the built form through the provision of physical infrastructure have been proposed as a strategy to improve economic, social and health outcomes for informal settlement dwellers and are also suggested as tools to address violence and insecurity, which have reached unprecedented levels in many cities of the South. Whereas there is a clear case for improving the living conditions of people in slums, there is still much debate and uncertainty about what exactly constitutes upgrading, the most appropriate methods and approaches to upgrading, and what the objectives and desired outcomes of upgrading interventions ought to be. This paper tries to shed light on the complexity of upgrading interventions through a comparison of three upgrading projects, each utilising a particular method and approach, and their impact on the perception of safety of their beneficiaries. The research findings show that physical improvements and a full package of basic services are absolutely crucial to improve the living conditions, reduce vulnerabilities and improve the safety of informal settlement dwellers. But these need to be supported by social and economic programmes in order to bring about tangible improvements in people's life circumstances. Research across the three sites, however, suggests that in a context marked by high unemployment, poor education and limited opportunities to break the cycle of poverty, the long-term impact and sustainability of upgrading interventions is limited in the absence of targeted programmes aimed at addressing the structural factors which drive and sustain high levels of violence and crime.