A METHOD FOR TESTING THE CORRELATED EVOLUTION OF TWO BINARY CHARACTERS: ARE GAINS OR LOSSES CONCENTRATED ON CERTAIN BRANCHES OF A PHYLOGENETIC TREE?
A METHOD FOR TESTING THE CORRELATED EVOLUTION OF TWO BINARY CHARACTERS: ARE GAINS OR LOSSES CONCENTRATED ON CERTAIN BRANCHES OF A PHYLOGENETIC TREE?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1990.tb05937.x
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发表时间：
1990-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
W. Maddison
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Maddison
提出了一种方法来评估是否在二元特征的变化更集中比预期的偶然在系统发育树的某些分支。它可以通过询问第一个字符的变化是否显著地集中在第二个字符具有特定状态的分支上来测试两个字符的相关进化。因此，可以测试这个指定的状态是否与第一个字符的增益或损失相关联，从而可能启用或选择增益或损失。通过计算(a) n收益和m损失可以分布在梯形图上的方法的数量，以及(b)给定整个梯形图中的n收益和m损失，p收益和q损失可以分布在兴趣分支上的方法的数量，可以获得与在零假设下观察到的变化在梯形图上随机分布的情况相同或更极端的集中的概率。将(b)相加得到适当的p和q，然后除以(a)得到期望的概率。模拟表明，由于祖先状态的简约重建错误而产生的偏差并不极端。
A method is presented for assessing whether changes in a binary character are more concentrated than expected by chance on certain branches of a phylogenetic tree. It can be used to test for correlated evolution of two characters by asking whether changes in the first character are significantly concentrated on those branches on which the second character has a specified state. Thus, one could test whether this specified state is associated with, and thus might enable or select, gains or losses in the first character. The probability of achieving a concentration as or more extreme than that observed under the null hypotheses that changes are distributed randomly on the cladogram is obtained by calculating (a) the number of ways that n gains and m losses can be distributed on the cladogram and (b) the number of ways that p gains q losses can be distributed on the branches of interest given n gains and m losses in the cladogram overall. Summing (b) for appropriate p and q then dividing by (a) yields the desired probability. Simulations suggest that biases resulting from errors in parsimony reconstructions of ancestral states are not extreme.