Culture on the Ground
Culture on the Ground
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实地文化
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Ingold
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Ingold
人类进化的经典观点认为，作为理性智力工具的手和作为双足运动机制不可或缺的组成部分的脚之间存在着逐渐的分化。然而，进化论者正在根据穿靴子的欧洲人的大步步态来模拟行人的表现。他们的叙述中令人神魂颠倒的偏见遵循了西方思想和科学中长期存在的趋势，即将社会和文化生活的层面提升到自然之上。这种趋势已经在欧洲精英中形成，体现在以目的地为导向的旅行、鞋子和椅子的使用以及直立姿势的重视等实践中。在城市社会中，通过铺路街道进一步强化了这一点。大都市生活的无根据性不仅根植于西方社会结构中，也根植于人类学、心理学和生物学等学科中。对人类运动采取更加扎实的方法，对步法的具体技能敏感，为环境感知、技术历史、景观形成和人类解剖进化的研究开辟了新领域。
Classical accounts of human evolution posit a progressive differentiation between the hands as instruments of rational intelligence and feet as integral to the mechanics of bipedal locomotion. Yet evolutionists were modelling pedestrian performance on the striding gait of boot-clad Europeans. The bias of head over heels in their accounts follows a long-standing tendency, in western thought and science, to elevate the plane of social and cultural life over the ground of nature. This tendency was already established among European elites in the practice of destination-oriented travel, the use of shoes and chairs, and the valorization of upright posture. It was further reinforced in urban societies through paving the streets. The groundlessness of metropolitan life remains embedded not only in western social structures but also in the disciplines of anthropology, psychology and biology. A more grounded approach to human movement, sensitive to embodied skills of footwork, opens up new terrain in the study of environmental perception, the history of technology, landscape formation and human anatomical evolution.