Agronomic studies on irrigated soybean in southern New South Wales. I. Phenological adaptation of genotypes to sowing date
Agronomic studies on irrigated soybean in southern New South Wales. I. Phenological adaptation of genotypes to sowing date
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DOI：
10.1071/cp11136
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
L. Gaynor;R. Lawn;A. James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Gaynor;R. Lawn;A. James
采用系列播期研究方法，研究了穆伦比吉灌区（MIA）不同大豆基因型对播期的反应。目的是探索通过扩大潜在播种期范围来提高夏大豆作物与冬谷物轮作灌溉的灵活性的范围。从11月下旬到1月下旬（2006-07）或2月中旬（2007-08），以约7天（2006-07）或10天（2007 - 08）的间隔在小地块中进行不同基因型的系列播种，并记录开花和成熟日期。简单的线性模型相关的发展速度朝着开花的光-热变量表明，基因型，播种日期和年份之间的开花时间的巨大差异可以解释在基因型的敏感性差异，平均光周期和/或平均日温度之间的播种和开花。在一般情况下，温暖的温度加速和较长的时间推迟开花，符合定量短日照光周期反应。最早开花的基因型不敏感，占主导地位的光周期，其较小的变化，开花时间超过播种日期和年份与温度有关。相反，开花较晚的基因型对光周期的敏感性逐渐增加，开花发生较晚，对播种日期的反应更敏感。晚熟基因型×播期组合在两季均遭受低温冷害和霜冻。对于初霜前生理成熟的基因型×播期组合，作物生育期与开花时间呈线性关系（r2 = 0.86**）。在2007-08年，还进行了测量，在总站立干物质（TDM），种子产量和种子大小成熟。在初霜前成熟的基因型×播期组合中，TDM与作物生育期基本呈线性关系（r2 = 0.83**），而种子产量与TDM密切相关（r2 = 0.86**）。在生理成熟之前暴露于低温降低了种子大小和收获指数。利用这些研究中建立的一般关系，得出的结论是，在12月或更晚播种的MIA中，灌溉大豆作物的商业产量是可能的。这些选项进行了更详细的评估，在配套文件中，使用大规模的农艺试验的一个子集的适应基因型。
Serial sowing date studies were used to examine the response of a diverse range of soybean genotypes to sowing date in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA). The aim was to explore the scope to improve the flexibility for rotating irrigated summer soybean crops with winter cereals by broadening the range of potential sowing dates. Serial sowings of diverse genotypes were made in small plots at intervals of ~7 days (2006–07) or 10 days (2007–08) from late November to late January (2006–07) or mid-February (2007–08) and the dates of flowering and maturity recorded. Simple linear models relating rate of development towards flowering to photo-thermal variables indicated that large differences in time to flowering between genotypes, sowing dates, and years could be explained in terms of differences in genotype sensitivity to mean photoperiod and/or mean daily temperature between sowing and flowering. In general, warmer temperatures hastened and longer days delayed flowering, consistent with quantitative short-day photoperiodic response. The earliest flowering genotypes were insensitive to the prevailing photoperiods, and their smaller variations in time to flower over sowing dates and years were related to temperature. Conversely, later flowering genotypes were progressively more sensitive to photoperiod, with flowering occurring later and being more responsive to sowing date. In both seasons, late maturing genotype × sowing date combinations suffered cold temperature damage and frosting. For those genotype × sowing date combinations that were physiologically mature before the first frost, crop duration was a linear function (r2 = 0.86**) of time to flowering. In 2007–08, measurements were also made at maturity of total standing dry matter (TDM), seed yield, and seed size. For those genotype × sowing date combinations that matured before the first frost, TDM was largely a linear function (r2 = 0.83**) of crop duration, while seed yield was strongly related (r2 = 0.86**) to TDM. Exposure to cold temperatures before physiological maturity reduced seed size and harvest index. Using the generalised relations developed in these studies, it was concluded that commercial yields may be possible for irrigated soybean crops in the MIA sown in December or possibly later. These options are evaluated in greater detail in the companion paper, using large-scale agronomic trials of a subset of adapted genotypes.