Early detection of autism spectrum disorders – risk symptoms, initial diagnosis, screening
Early detection of autism spectrum disorders – risk symptoms, initial diagnosis, screening
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自闭症谱系障碍的早期发现——风险症状、初步诊断、筛查
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
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通讯作者：
Barbara. Winczura
中科院分区：
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作者：
Barbara. Winczura
摘要自闭症的诊断在儿童生命的头两年内有许多困难。尽管许多属于自闭症谱系障碍的儿童的特征与这种障碍的典型特征相似，但他们的特征是表现出的能力和变化的动态变化具有高度的可变性。跨越特定症状的困难也很大，这些症状在不同的儿童中可能在强度和水平上有所不同。早期识别ASD的最重要症状被认为是情感和社交缺陷，言语和沟通发展障碍以及有限重复行为模式形式的非典型行为。在生命的第一年和第二年，最常见的确认的ADS早期迹象是指缺乏表明儿童准备形成社会关系和社会交流的行为，特别是包括其对自己的名字的反应，有限的眼神接触，社交场合中的非典型面部表情，缺乏情感适应，对社会冲动的兴趣有限和发声不良，以及有限的模仿能力，建立一个共同的关注领域和表达对近亲的依恋。在第二年，非典型行为表现得更加明显，并且可能（尽管不一定）在自闭症的所有典型区域中表现出来。这些非典型的行为模式的知识用于建设的筛选工具。早期诊断是儿童有效干预、康复和治疗的关键。
Abstract The diagnosis of autism within the first two years of a child’s life is burdened by many difficulties. Even though many children belonging within autism spectrum disorders is characterised by similar traits typical for this disturbance, they are characterised by a high variability of the exhibited abilities and the dynamics of changes. Significant are also difficulties spanning specific symptoms that may in various children differ in intensity and level. The most significant symptoms for early recognition of ASD are deemed to be emotional and social deficits, disturbances in the development of speech and communication as well as atypical behaviour in the form of limited, repetitive behaviour patterns. In the first as well as the second year of life, the most commonly confirmed early signs of ADS refer to the lack of behaviour indicating the child’s readiness to form social relations and to social communication, including in particular its reactions to its own name, limited eye contact, atypical facial expressions in social situations, the lack of emotional adaptation, limited interest in social impulses and poor vocalisation, as well as limited abilities to imitate, establish a common field of attention and the expression of attachment to the next of kin. In the second year of age, the atypical behaviour is manifested more clearly and may, although it must not necessarily, shine through in all areas typical for autism. The knowledge of these atypical behaviour patterns is used for the construction of screening tools. Early diagnosis is key for the efficient intervention, rehabilitation and therapy of a child.