Shallow sources of upper mantle seismic anisotropy in East Africa

Shallow sources of upper mantle seismic anisotropy in East Africa
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东非上地幔地震各向异性的浅源

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118488
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发表时间:
2024
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Ebinger C
Ebinger C
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ebinger C

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东非裂谷覆盖在一个或多个地幔隆起之上,它穿过中、新生代裂陷的非均质太古代-古生代岩石圈。我们重新分析XKS剪切波分裂在公开可用的站点,以评估地幔柱上方的裂谷模型。我们使用一致的标准来比较和对比两个分裂方向和强度,填补关键的差距与新的数据从图尔卡纳凹陷和坦桑尼亚北部的分歧部门的东非裂谷系统。我们的研究结果表明,大的空间变化量的分裂(0.1-2.5秒),与快速轴主要是次平行的方向下的新生代裂谷薄岩石圈和没有表面岩浆作用。岩石圈减薄和岩浆改造使裂解量增加。没有一个地方是垂直于裂谷的快轴,反对伸展应变组构的发展。厚地幔柱的特征是少量的分裂(≤0.5 s),具有各种方向,可能是地幔柱流动的特征。分裂旋转到裂谷平行,并在短距离内进入裂谷带的强度增加,这意味着在某些地方各向异性的深度范围较浅。浅源和分裂方向与上地幔薄带形状之间的相关性表明,通道流和定向熔体袋的组合对观测到的分裂延迟的贡献> 1 s。在岩石圈-软流圈边界的增强流动、交代作用和熔体侵入表明,流体向岩石圈底部的渗透可能促进了岩石圈的裂陷作用。
The East African rift overlies one or more mantle upwellings and it traverses heterogeneous Archaean-Paleozoic lithosphere rifted in Mesozoic and Cenozoic time. We re-analyze XKS shear wave splitting at publicly available stations to evaluate models for rifting above mantle plumes. We use consistent criteria to compare and contrast both splitting direction and strength, infilling critical gaps with new data from the Turkana Depression and North Tanzania Divergence sectors of the East African rift system. Our results show large spatial variations in the amount of splitting (0.1–2.5 s), with fast axes predominantly sub-parallel to the orientation of Cenozoic rifts underlain by thinned lithosphere with and without surface magmatism. The amount of splitting increases with lithospheric thinning and magmatic modification. Nowhere are fast axes perpendicular to the rift, arguing against the development of extensional strain fabrics. Thick cratons are characterized by small amounts of splitting (≤0.5 s) with a variety of orientations that may characterize mantle plume flow. Splitting rotates to rift parallel and increases in strength over short distances into rift zones, implying a shallow depth range for the anisotropy in some places. The shallow source and correlation between splitting direction and the shape of upper mantle thin zones suggests that the combination of channel flow and oriented melt pockets contribute > 1 s to the observed splitting delays. Enhanced flow, metasomatism, and melt intrusion at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary suggest that fluid infiltration to the base of the lithosphere may facilitate rifting of cratonic lithosphere.
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期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
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