Effects of Dietary Nutrients on Epigenetic Changes in Cancer
Effects of Dietary Nutrients on Epigenetic Changes in Cancer
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-8751-1_7
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Niculescu, Mihai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Andreescu, Nicoleta;Puiu, Maria;Niculescu, Mihai
基因-营养相互作用是健康管理和疾病预防的重要贡献者。营养可以通过表观遗传变化改变基因表达以及对疾病包括癌症的易感性。营养素可以通过多种机制影响表观遗传状态，如DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和miRNA依赖的基因沉默。这些改变与癌症发展风险的增加或降低有关。有令人信服的证据表明，几种食物在癌症预防中具有保护作用，通过直接抑制肿瘤进展或通过改变肿瘤的微环境，导致有利于肿瘤发生或生长的不利条件。虽然食物中的营养摄入量无法充分控制剂量，但营养素在癌症表观遗传学中的作用导致了更多旨在开发营养药物和药物作为癌症治疗方法的研究。需要进行临床研究，以评估膳食化合物的最佳剂量、剂量的安全性、建立最有效的给药方式和生物利用度，以最大限度地发挥已发现的有益效果，并确保可复制性。因此，营养是一种很有前途的工具，不仅可用于癌症预防，而且有望用于癌症治疗。
Gene-nutrient interactions are important contributors to health management and disease prevention. Nutrition can alter gene expression, as well as the susceptibility to disease, including cancer, through epigenetic changes. Nutrients can influence the epigenetic status through several mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNA-dependent gene silencing. These alterations were associated with either increased or decreased risk for cancer development. There is convincing evidence indicating that several foods have protective roles in cancer prevention, by inhibiting tumor progression directly or through modifying tumor's microenvironment that leads to hostile conditions favorable to tumor initiation or growth. While nutritional intakes from foods cannot be adequately controlled for dosage, the role of nutrients in the epigenetics of cancer has led to more research aimed at developing nutriceuticals and drugs as cancer therapies. Clinical studies are needed to evaluate the optimum doses of dietary compounds, the safety profile of dosages, to establish the most efficient way of administration, and bioavailability, in order to maximize the beneficial effects already discovered, and to ensure replicability. Thus, nutrition represents a promising tool to be used not only in cancer prevention, but hopefully also in cancer treatment.