Perceptions and Application of the Ecosystem Services Approach among Pacific Northwest National Forest Managers
Perceptions and Application of the Ecosystem Services Approach among Pacific Northwest National Forest Managers
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DOI：
10.3390/su13031259
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发表时间：
2021-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Lopez-Carr, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crook, Stephen E. S.;Levine, Arielle;Lopez-Carr, David
过去二十年来，生态系统服务概念已成为自然资源管理的指导原则，生态系统服务管理方法目前被规定为美国国家森林规划的核心要素。然而，生态系统服务的概念已经以多种方式被解释和实施，在不同背景下如何理解和实施它留下了明显的知识差距。为了更好地理解这一概念在美国国家森林中的概念化和实施，我们在地区、森林和护林区层面对太平洋西北地区的规划者和管理者进行了半结构化访谈，讨论了以下主题：（1）管理者和规划者如何看待生态系统服务概念？ (2) 国家林地提供的感知关键生态系统服务有哪些？； （3）这个概念是如何在多个空间尺度上应用的？ (4) 在国家森林背景下应用这一概念所面临的挑战或机遇是什么？结果表明，尽管参与者对生态系统服务概念有很高的理解，但没有一个明确的、广泛采用的方法来在管理中考虑生态系统服务。通过定性分析，出现了三种一般观点：一种采用这一概念来满足国家森林规模的监管要求，第二种采用生态系统服务来改善项目规模的参与性规划，第三种是照常观点，将生态系统服务视为描述长期国家森林优先事项的新语言。这些结果引起人们对在美国国家森林背景下实施基于生态系统服务的方法的挑战的关注，以及开发描述和量化生态系统服务的管理相关方法的持续需求。
The ecosystem services concept has emerged as a guiding principle in natural resource management over the past two decades, and an ecosystem services approach to management is currently mandated as a core element of United States National Forest planning. However, the concept of ecosystem services has been interpreted and operationalized in a variety of ways, leaving a pronounced knowledge gap regarding how it is understood and implemented in different contexts. To better understand the conceptualization and implementation of the concept within United States National Forests, semi-structured interviews with planners and managers of the Pacific Northwest Region were conducted at the region, forest, and ranger district levels, addressing the following topics: (1) how has the ecosystem services concept been perceived by managers and planners?; (2) what are the perceived key ecosystem services offered by National Forest lands?; (3) how has the concept been applied at multiple spatial scales?; and (4) what are perceived challenges or opportunities related to applying the concept in the National Forest context? Results indicate that although participants had a high level of understanding of the ecosystem services concept, there was not a clear, widely adopted approach to considering ecosystem services in management. Through qualitative analysis, three general perspectives arose: one employed the concept to fulfill regulatory requirements at the National Forest scale, a second engaged with ecosystem services to improve participatory planning at the project scale, and a third, business as usual perspective, considered ecosystem services as new language for describing longstanding National Forest priorities. These results draw attention to the challenges of implementing an ecosystem services-based approach in the United States National Forest context and the continued need for the development of management-relevant methods for describing and quantifying ecosystem services.