Proteomic evidence for the silk fibroin genes of spider mites (Order Trombidiformes: Family Tetranychidae)
Proteomic evidence for the silk fibroin genes of spider mites (Order Trombidiformes: Family Tetranychidae)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104195
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发表时间：
2021-03-27
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Shimano, Satoshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arakawa, Kazuharu;Mori, Masaru;Shimano, Satoshi
蜘蛛螨是叶螨科蜱螨属的一种蛛形纲动物，能够产生具有高杨氏模量的纳米级丝纤维。通过对荨麻疹叶螨（Tetranychus urticae Koch）的基因组分析，计算预测了蜘蛛螨的丝纤维蛋白基因，但尚未得到蛋白质组学证据的证实。本研究对两属蜘蛛螨kanzawai Kishida Tetranychus和Panonychus citri （McGregor）的转录组进行了测序和组装，并将其与T. urticae和P. citri的丝蛋白组学相结合，通过比较基因组学和多组学分析对丝素基因进行了表征。结果，鉴定出两种纤维蛋白，这两种基因与以前通过计算方法预测的基因不同。氨基酸组成和二级结构表明其类似于蜘蛛丝的腺状或圆柱形蜘蛛，这在一定程度上反映了它们的机械性能，表现出较高的杨氏模量。蜘蛛螨全长丝素序列的获得，有助于研究有时在多个谱系中以收敛方式出现的丝基因的进化，并通过研究这些丝的氨基酸序列和由此产生的机械性能，促进人工蛋白纤维的工业应用。意义：本研究对kanzawai和P. citri两属蜘蛛螨的转录组进行了测序和组装，并将其与T. urticae和P. citri的丝蛋白组学相结合，通过比较基因组学和多组学分析对丝素基因进行了表征。特别是蜘蛛螨丝具有极细的纳米级直径和高杨氏模量，甚至超过蜘蛛丝。蜘蛛螨全长丝素序列的获得，有利于研究在螨、昆虫和蜘蛛中独立进化但序列趋同的丝基因的进化，并通过研究这些丝的氨基酸序列和由此产生的力学性能，促进人工蛋白纤维的工业应用。
Spider mites are a group of arachnids belonging to Acari (mites and ticks), family Tetranychidae, known to produce nanoscale silk fibers characterized by a high Young's modulus. The silk fibmin gene of spider mites has been computationally predicted through genomic analysis of Tetranychus urticae Koch, but it has yet to be confirmed by proteomic evidence. In this work, we sequenced and assembled the transcriptome from two genera of spider mites, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida and Panonychus citri (McGregor), and combined it with silk proteomics of T. urticae and P. citri to characterize the fibroin genes through comparative genomics and multiomics analysis. As a result, two fibroins were identified, which were different genes than those previously predicted by computational methods. The amino acid composition and secondary structure suggest similarity to aciniform or cylindrical spidroins of spider silk, which partly mirrors their mechanical properties, exhibiting a high Young's modulus. The availability of full-length fibroin sequences of spider mites facilitates the study of the evolution of silk genes that sometimes emerge in multiple lineages in a convergent manner and in the industrial application of artificial protein fibers through the study of the amino acid sequence and the resulting mechanical properties of these silks.Significance: Here we sequenced and assembled the transcriptome from two genera of spider mites, T. kanzawai and P. citri, and combined it with silk proteomics of T. urticae and P. citri to characterize the fibroin genes through comparative genomics and multiomics analysis. Spider mite silk is especially characterized by its extremely fine nano-scale diameter and high Young's modulus, even exceeding those of spider silks. The availability of fulllength fibroin sequences of spider mites facilitates the study of the evolution of silk genes, which independently evolved in mites, insects, and spiders but yet show sequence convergence, and in the industrial application of artificial protein fibers through the study of the amino acid sequence and the resulting mechanical properties of these silks.