Social Networks and Pathways to Psychiatric Treatment
Social Networks and Pathways to Psychiatric Treatment
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社交网络和精神病治疗途径
DOI：
10.1093/sf/56.1.86
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
A. Horwitz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Horwitz
文化解读主导了对进入精神病治疗的阶级差异的研究。这项研究比较了文化变量和结构变量对进入精神治疗的预测能力。社会网络的概念被用来表明，除了不同社会阶层的文化之外，结构性关系也是社区中精神标签和转诊、症状严重程度和症状持续时间的重要预测因素。对社区精神卫生中心120名门诊患者和短期住院患者的采访为这项研究提供了数据。这些发现支持这样的假设，即结构变量是进入精神治疗途径的重要决定因素，并指出需要将社会网络结构与网络内容联系起来。关于精神求助的研究强调了促使个人接受精神治疗的文化力量。社会学家特别关注不同社会阶层背景的人的态度、知识和语言技能(Dohrenwend和Chin-Song；Gove和Howell；Hollinghead和Redlich；Myers和Roberts)。例如，中产阶级对精神病学的态度比下层人士更有利，对正确识别精神疾病有更多的知识，这导致他们接受精神病治疗的问题不那么严重，而且时间更短(Gove和Howell)。此外，中上层阶级的知识水平越高，他们就越有可能自己发起住院治疗，而下层阶级中缺乏这种成熟程度，则使社会控制代理人更有可能发起住院治疗(Gove和Howell)。这些研究中的主要原因是不同的文化态度--它们如何导致精神上寻求帮助的不同行为模式。最近，研究人员对这种对文化力量的关注提出了质疑，并使用结构互动模式来预测
Cultural interpretations have dominated the study of class differences in entering psychiatric treatment. This study compares the power of cultural variables and structural variables to predict the entry into psychiatric treatment. The concept of the social network is used to show that structural relationships, in addition to the culture of the different social classes, are important predictors of psychiatric labels and referrals, severity of symptoms, and duration of symptoms in the community. Interviews with 120 outpatients and short-term inpatients at a community mental health center provide the data for the study. The findings support the hypothesis that structural variables are important determinants of the pathways into psychiatric treatment and point to the need to link the structure of social networks to the content of networks. Studies of psychiatric help-seeking have emphasized the cultural forces predisposing individuals to enter psychiatric treatment. Sociologists have paid particular attention to the attitudes, knowledge, and verbal skills of persons of various social class backgrounds (Dohrenwend and Chin-Song; Gove and Howell; Hollingshead and Redlich; Myers and Roberts). For example, middle-class persons have more favorable attitudes toward psychiatry and greater knowledge to correctly identify psychiatric disorders than lower-class people, leading them to enter psychiatric treatment with less severe problems and in shorter periods of time (Gove and Howell). In addition, the greater intellectual sophistication of the middle and upper classes makes them more likely to initiate hospitalization themselves while the lack of such sophistication among the lower classes makes social control agents more likely to initiate hospitalization (Gove and Howell). The primary causal factor in these studies has been different cultural attitudes -how they lead to different behavior patterns in psychiatric help-seeking. Recently, researchers have questioned this preoccupation with cultural forces and have used structural patterns of interaction to predict