Quantification of the German nitrogen cycle
Quantification of the German nitrogen cycle
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发表时间：
2016
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通讯作者：
Markus Geupel
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作者：
Markus Geupel
氮及其化合物在环境中的行为非常不同。虽然大气中的氮实际上是惰性的，但氧化和还原的化合物是活性的。在过去的世纪中，人类活动导致了自然氮循环的巨大变化，环境中活性氮的数量急剧增加。同样在德国，活性氮化合物向环境中的过量释放导致了一系列必须紧急解决的问题。这些问题包括水生和陆地生物多样性的丧失、空气质量的损害、温室气体排放的增加以及限制将地下水用作饮用水。为了更好地了解这种情况的原因，我们回顾了文献和数据库，以量化德国的氮循环。在德国，每年约有420万吨活性氮进入氮循环，相当于每人约50公斤。虽然化石燃料燃烧和废水管理产生的氧化氮排放量已大幅减少，但农业部门的减排效果要差得多。未能实现目标的部分原因是，通过在各个领域实施单独的技术措施几乎不可能全面解决氮带来的问题。因此，有必要采取综合办法来处理所有相关政策领域的各种问题。
Nitrogen and its compounds behave very differently in the environment. While atmospheric nitrogen is practically inert, the oxidised and reduced compounds are reactive. Human activity has led to massive changes to the natural nitrogen cycle over the past century and a drastic increase has been seen in the amounts of reactive nitrogen in the environment. Also in Germany the excessive release of reactive nitrogen compounds into the environment leads to a series of problems which must be urgently addressed. These include the loss of aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity, the impairment of air quality, the increased release of greenhouse gases, and constraints on the use of groundwater as drinking water. To improve knowledge on reasons for this situation we reviewed literature and databases to quantify the German nitrogen cycle. In Germany, some 4.2 million tonnes of reactive nitrogen enter into the nitrogen cycle annually, corresponding to some 50 kg per person. While considerable reductions have been achieved in oxidised nitrogen emissions from fossil fuel burning and also from wastewater management, reductions in the agricultural sector have been much less successful. The failure to meet targets is due in part to the fact that a comprehensive solution to the problems posed by nitrogen is hardly possible by implementing separate technical measures in individual areas. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt an integrated approach to the various problems in all relevant policy areas.