Why is C4 photosynthesis so rare in trees?

Why is C4 photosynthesis so rare in trees?
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为什么树木中 C4 光合作用如此罕见?

DOI:
10.1093/jxb/eraa234
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
6.9
通讯作者:
Young SNR
Young SNR
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Young SNR

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自 50 多年前首次发现 C4 光合作用以来,研究人员已在超过 60 次尝试了解这一复杂特征是如何从祖先的 C3 光合作用机制进化而来的。尽管 C4 光合作用在植物界反复出现,但它在树木中却非常罕见,真正的 C4 树仅存在于大戟属中。在这里,我们考虑了可能限制但不排除 C4 树进化的 C4 特征的各个方面,包括量子产率降低、能量需求增加、适应性可塑性降低、进化限制,以及一种新理论,即在树木中观察到的被动共塑韧皮部加载机制,加上在长路径长度上维持糖和水运输的困难,可能使 C4 光合作用在很大程度上与树木生命体不相容。我们的结论是,C4谱系内向树木习性的转变以及现有树木内C4光合作用的出现都将面临一系列挑战,这些挑战共同解释了树木中C4光合作用的全球稀有性。因此,大戟属中的 C4 树在如何规避稀有 C4 树生命形式的所有潜在障碍方面非常出色。
Since C4photosynthesis was first discovered >50 years ago, researchers have sought to understand how this complex trait evolved from the ancestral C3photosynthetic machinery on >60 occasions. Despite its repeated emergence across the plant kingdom, C4photosynthesis is notably rare in trees, with true C4trees only existing inEuphorbia. Here we consider aspects of the C4trait that could limit but not preclude the evolution of a C4tree, including reduced quantum yield, increased energetic demand, reduced adaptive plasticity, evolutionary constraints, and a new theory that the passive symplastic phloem loading mechanism observed in trees, combined with difficulties in maintaining sugar and water transport over a long pathlength, could make C4photosynthesis largely incompatible with the tree lifeform. We conclude that the transition to a tree habit within C4lineages as well as the emergence of C4photosynthesis within pre-existing trees would both face a series of challenges that together explain the global rarity of C4photosynthesis in trees. The C4trees inEuphorbiaare therefore exceptional in how they have circumvented every potential barrier to the rare C4tree lifeform.
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